Table 3.

Effect of State NH Payment Policies on QoL Deficiencies (Main Effects) and Racial/Ethnic Disparities (Effects of Interactions).^a

Medicaid payment or NH concentration of minorities	Adjusted IRRa	Effect on deficiencies or disparities
		Effectb	p
Payment rate (in US$10)	1.022	0.02	.000
Case mix payment	0.848	−0.11	.000
Payment rate (in US$10) ×
Low (<5%)	—	—	—
Medium (5%-15%)	0.992	−0.01	.047
Medium-high (15%-35%)	0.998	−0.00	.645
High (≥35%)	0.992	−0.01	.114
Case mix payment ×
Low (<5%)	—	—	—
Medium (5%-15%)	0.995	−0.00	.834
Medium-high (15%-35%)	1.064	0.04	.022
High (≥35%)	1.084	0.05	.007

Note. IRR = incidence rate ratio; RN = registered nurse; LPA = licensed practical nurse; CNA = certified nurse aide; QoL = quality of life; NH = nursing home.

^aMultivariable longitudinal (2000-2010) random-effects Poisson regression modeled deficiency number as a function of minority concentration groups, year dummies, their interactions, Medicaid payment rate and its interactions with minority groups, case mix payment method and its interactions with minority groups, bed size, chain affiliation, non-profit ownership, government ownership, occupancy rate, staffing levels for RNs, LPNs, and CNAs, percentage of Medicare residents, percentage of Medicaid residents, case mix, percentage of female residents, average age of residents, market competition, and state dummies.

^bCalculated as Def × (IRR – 1), where Def is the mean number of QoL deficiencies of all NHs in the sample (for main effects) or NHs with low concentrations of minority residents (for interactive effects), and IRR is the adjusted IRR.