Table 2.

Statistical measures of parents and recombinant inbred line (RIL) phenotypes for 24 root system architecture (RSA) related traits

					RILs
Trait	Unit	Mean Chang7‐2 ± SE	Mean Zheng58 ± SE	t‐test	Mean ± SE	Min	Max
PRL	cm	27.43 ± 0.83	29.71 ± 0.72	*	29.68 ± 0.36	13.48	43.38
TNL_P	count	137.10 ± 5.00	171.30 ± 5.10	**	168.30 ± 2.80	45.2	316.8
PLD	count/cm	5.12 ± 0.14	5.93 ± 0.144	**	5.74 ± 0.079	3.27	9.56
ALL	cm	1.53 ± 0.1	0.99 ± 0.05	**	1.43 ± 0.03	0.43	2.97
PLL	cm	208.22 ± 8.5	167.04 ± 7.04	**	218.66 ± 4.61	56.38	401.52
PAL	cm	241.99 ± 8.63	202.72 ± 7.67	**	247.89 ± 4.66	84.35	417.7
PLP	ratio	0.88 ± 0.005	0.84±0.005	**	0.86 ± 0.003	0.66	0.93
SRN	count	2.20 ± 0.10	2.80 ± 0.20	**	3.30 ± 0.10	1.5	6.2
TSL	cm	37.12 ± 2.27	55.63 ± 2.93	**	64.16 ± 1.30	23.25	115.11
SRL_S	cm	18.21 ± 0.98	21.59 ± 1.30	*	20.65 ± 0.37	8.95	36.92
TNL_S	count	166.7 ± 11.3	204.7 ± 9.3	*	288.1 ± 6.2	109.3	613.9
SLD	count/cm	4.546 ± 0.209	3.916 ± 0.18	*	4.64 ± 0.079	2.03	8.18
SLL	cm	0.54 ± 0.03	0.5 ± 0.01	NS	0.58 ± 0.01	0.24	1.06
STL	cm	96.79 ± 8.79	105.45 ± 6.04	NS	168.75 ± 4.97	36.07	388.85
SAL	cm	135.33 ± 11.02	161.92 ± 8.98	NS	234.44 ± 5.92	61.62	492.5
SLP	ratio	0.68 ± 0.01	0.64 ± 0.008	NS	0.70 ± 0.005	0.3	0.84
TRL	cm	375.09 ± 11.21	358.34 ± 10.34	NS	479.96 ± 8.24	244.95	850.85
SDW	mg	109.60 ± 2.00	135.60 ± 3.8	**	143.90 ± 2.10	77.9	232.7
RDW	mg	25.40 ± 0.60	34.00 ± 0.7	**	37.70 ± 0.50	22.3	57.8
RSR	ratio	0.26 ± 0.007	0.26 ± 0.006	NS	0.27 ± 0.003	0.15	0.45
ARL	cm	64.88 ± 2.43	86.6 ± 3.13	**	93.84 ± 1.46	34.97	159.7
LRL	cm	308.50 ± 10.72	275.98 ± 8.89	*	386.93 ± 7.59	168.38	676.88
TLP	ratio	0.83 ± 0.005	0.76 ± 0.007	**	0.80 ± 0.003	0.62	0.9
SRL_T	g/cm	7.03 ± 0.196	9.70 ± 0.20	**	8.24 ± 0.12	4.75	15.15

SE, standard error (seedling observations: Chang7‐2, n = 66; Zheng58, n = 73); NS, not significant; *, p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; significance of the analysis of variance test.