Table 3.
Incidence-rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals of predictors of LTPA, without (Model 1) and with (Model 2) area level predictors
| Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRR | 95% CI | IRR | 95% CI | ||||||
| Level 1, individuals, n=4107: individual-level predictors, by outcome | |||||||||
| Social network | |||||||||
| Relative | 0.99 | 0.968 | 1.008 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.01 | |||
| Friend | 1.02 | ** | 0.998 | 1.037 | 1.02 | ** | 1.00 | 1.04 | |
| Neighbour | 1.06 | *** | 1.023 | 1.101 | 1.06 | *** | 1.02 | 1.10 | |
| Social Support | |||||||||
| Care support | |||||||||
| None | |||||||||
| One or two | 1.03 | 0.880 | 1.204 | 1.03 | 0.885 | 1.206 | |||
| More than two | 1.11 | 0.904 | 1.363 | 1.12 | 0.913 | 1.362 | |||
| Financial support | |||||||||
| None | |||||||||
| One or two | 0.94 | 0.814 | 1.078 | 0.93 | 0.809 | 1.078 | |||
| More than two | 0.91 | 0.756 | 1.091 | 0.91 | 0.754 | 1.090 | |||
| Informational support | |||||||||
| None | |||||||||
| One or two | 0.91 | 0.782 | 1.070 | 0.91 | 0.783 | 1.066 | |||
| More than two | 1.07 | 0.890 | 1.296 | 1.07 | 0.891 | 1.291 | |||
| Safety (daytime) | |||||||||
| Unsafe | |||||||||
| Safe | 0.97 | 0.819 | 1.153 | 0.97 | 0.708 | 1.337 | |||
| Safety (night) | |||||||||
| Unsafe | |||||||||
| Safe | 1.06 | 0.943 | 1.184 | 1.06 | 0.785 | 1.434 | |||
| Age | |||||||||
| 15-24 | 1.18 | ** | 1.022 | 1.373 | 1.19 | ** | 1.026 | 1.378 | |
| 25-34 | |||||||||
| 35-44 | 0.90 | 0.784 | 1.040 | 0.90 | 0.782 | 1.038 | |||
| 45-54 | 0.95 | 0.803 | 1.131 | 0.95 | 0.803 | 1.132 | |||
| 55-64 | 0.86 | 0.694 | 1.059 | 0.86 | 0.696 | 1.064 | |||
| >65 | 0.71 | ** | 0.535 | 0.936 | 0.71 | ** | 0.534 | 0.936 | |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | |||||||||
| Female | 0.75 | *** | 0.688 | 0.814 | 0.75 | *** | 0.686 | 0.814 | |
| Marital Status | |||||||||
| Never married | |||||||||
| Currently married | 0.89 | ** | 0.796 | 1.000 | 0.89 | ** | 0.794 | 1.000 | |
| Formerly married | 1.08 | 0.934 | 1.251 | 1.08 | 0.933 | 1.247 | |||
| Education level | |||||||||
| Primary school | 0.85 | * | 0.707 | 1.010 | 0.85 | * | 0.705 | 1.014 | |
| Secondary school | 1.09 | 0.969 | 1.235 | 1.10 | 0.974 | 1.242 | |||
| A-Level or equivalent | 1.08 | 0.953 | 1.218 | 1.08 | 0.956 | 1.224 | |||
| Higher education | |||||||||
| Personal Income | |||||||||
| £0-£399 | 0.97 | 0.839 | 1.131 | 0.99 | 0.379 | 2.565 | |||
| £400-£1,249 | |||||||||
| £1,250+ | 1.01 | 0.877 | 1.170 | 0.74 | 0.324 | 1.689 | |||
| Job status | |||||||||
| Employed | |||||||||
| Unpaid housework | 0.77 | ** | 0.626 | 0.945 | 0.77 | ** | 0.621 | 0.949 | |
| Full-time student | 0.86 | ** | 0.749 | 0.988 | 0.86 | ** | 0.745 | 0.983 | |
| Unemployed | 0.88 | * | 0.773 | 1.012 | 0.89 | ** | 0.775 | 1.016 | |
| Retired | 0.71 | * | 0.494 | 1.009 | 0.70 | ** | 0.494 | 1.004 | |
| Disable/Illness | 0.43 | *** | 0.286 | 0.662 | 0.43 | *** | 0.284 | 0.664 | |
| Other | 1.03 | 0.677 | 1.561 | 1.03 | 0.683 | 1.567 | |||
| Level 2, areas, n=40: LSOA-level predictors | |||||||||
| IMD score | 0.99 | 0.971 | 1.019 | ||||||
| Crime score | 0.70 | ** | 0.663 | 1.306 | |||||
| Combined living environment indicator | 1.02 | 1.000 | 1.034 | ||||||
| safe1*crime | 1.00 | 0.983 | 1.017 | ||||||
| safe2*crime | 1.01 | 0.991 | 1.020 | ||||||
| income1*IMD | 1.00 | 0.830 | 1.205 | ||||||
| income3*IMD | 1.00 | 0.779 | 1.272 | ||||||
| community random variance | 0.31 | *** | 0.23 | *** | |||||
| rho | 0.086 | 0.065 | |||||||
| Explained variance (%) | reference | 25.81 | |||||||
* p<0.1, ** p<0.05, *** p<0.01