Skip to main content
. 2016 Oct 17;11(10):e0164808. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164808

Table 2. Logistic regression models showing associations between social protection receipt and SDG indicators among boys (N = 1475).

Step 1 SDG 2.1 Hunger SDG 3.3 AIDS SDG 3.3 TB SDG 3.4 Mental Health SDG 3.5 Substance Abuse 4.1 School non- enrolment 5.2 Sexual violence or exploitation 16.1 Violence perpetration
AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p
(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI)
Cash 1.03 .841 0.67 .017 0.78 .56 0.71 0.074 0.57 .006 0.11 < .001 0.85 .535 0.67 .019
(0.78–1.36) (0.48–0.93) (0.34–1.81) (0.48–1.04) (0.39–0.85) (0.10–0.21) (0.52–1.41) (0.47–0.94)
Care 0.74 .011 0.58 .001 0.66 .661 0.76 0.138 0.37 < .001 0.48 .063 0.67 .107 0.61 .004
(0.58–0.93) (0.42–0.79) (0.31–1.43) (0.53–1.09) (0.23–0.57) (0.23–1.04) (0.42–1.09) (0.44–0.86)
Baseline outcome 1.98 < .001 5.5 < .001 6.38 < .001 2.59 < .001 2.12 < .001 50.18 < .001 3.28 .002 1.59 .009
(1.56–2.51) (3.86–7.85) (2.56–15.90) (1.73–3.90) (1.45–2.09) (13.77–182.94) (1.54–6.96) (1.13–2.24)
Older than 13 years 1.17 .172 4.19 < .001 0.69 .340 1.22 0.258 3.67 < .001 1.57 .192 2.63 < .001 1.44 .021
(0.93–1.48) (3.03–5.80) (0.32–1.48) (0.86–1.72) (2.41–5.59) (0.80–3.10) (1.60–4.32) (1.06–1.97)
Urban location 1.6 < .001 1.13 .414 0.73 .731 0.81 0.252 1.29 .190 1.35 .368 0.96 .867 1.09 .579
(1.27–2.02) (0.84–1.53) (0.34–1.58) (0.57–1.15) (0.88–1.89) (0.70–2.58) (0.60–1.53) (0.80–1.50)
>3 children in home 0.98 .856 0.78 .100 2.05 .060 0.94 0.735 0.64 .027 1.12 .746 0.87 .547 0.82 .202
(0.78–1.23) (0.58–1.05) (0.97–4.33) (0.67–1.33) (0.43–0.95) (0.57–2.17) (0.55–1.37) (0.60–1.12)
Has birth certificate 0.85 .562 1.07 .853 0.33 .094 0.83 0.64 0.68 .346 0.69 .527 1.28 .696 0.51 .035
(0.49–1.48) (0.52–2.21) (0.09–1.21) (0.39–1.80) (0.31–1.52) (0.22–2.19) (0.37–4.37) (0.27–0.95)
Female caregiver 0.87 .411 0.94 .787 1.16 .819 0.86 0.541 1.33 .309 0.59 .192 0.68 .203 1.18 .488
(0.62–1.22) (0.62–1.43) (0.34–3.99) (0.54–1.39) (0.77–2.33) (0.26–1.31) (0.38–1.23) (0.74–1.88)
Missing >2 necessities 1.96 < .001 1.12 .473 1.87 .140 1.3 0.173 0.95 .810 3.53 .002 0.78 .295 0.99 .942
(1.52–2.53) (0.82–1.54) (0.82–4.28) (0.89–1.88) (0.64–1.41) (1.58–7.86) (0.49–1.25) (0.71–1.37)
Informal housing 1.58 < .001 1.43 .026 0.67 .384 1.4 0.07 1.18 .414 1.76 .092 0.69 .176 1.18 .342
(1.23–2.03) (1.05–1.97) (0.27–1.66) (0.97–2.01) (0.79–1.75) (0.91–3.41) (0.41–1.18) (0.84–1.64)
Job in household 0.83 .841 0.94 .528 1.44 .104 0.98 0.882 1.01 .912 0.74 .162 1.11 .440 1.15 .139
(0.72–0.95) (0.78–1.13) (0.93–2.23) (0.80–1.22) (0.80–1.28) (0.49–1.13) (0.85–1.47) (0.96–1.39)
Constant 0.23 < .001 0.1 < .001 0.04 0.004 0.2 0.004 0.06 < .001 0.06 0.003 0.06 < .001 0.25 0.005
Step 2 SDG 2.1 Hunger SDG 3.3 AIDS SDG 3.3 TB SDG 3.4 Mental Health SDG 3.5 Substance Abuse 4.1 School non- enrolment 5.2 Sexual violence or exploitation 16.1 Violence perpetration
AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p
(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI)
Cash - - 0.71 .033 - - 0.67 .027 0.61 0.011 0.1 < .001 - - 0.67 .016
(.52-.97) (0.47–0.96) (0.42–0.89) (0.05–0.19) (0.48–0.93)
Care 0.73 .008 0.57 < .001 - - - - 0.36 < .001 0.5 .072 - - 0.59 .001
(0.58–0.92) (.41-.77) (0.23–0.57) (0.24–1.06) (0.43–0.81)
Baseline outcome 1.98 < .001 5.46 < .001 - - 2.78 < .001 2.22 < .001 53.1 < .001 - - 1.58 .009
(1.57–2.51) (3.83–7.77) (1.87–4.15) (1.53–3.22) (15.12–186.51) (1.12–2.22)
Older than 13 years - - 4.23 < .001 - - - - 3.63 < .001 - - - - 1.45 .017
(3.07–5.84) (2.40–5.51) (1.07–1.98)
Urban location 1.63 < .001 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(1.30–2.05)
>3 children in home - - 0.77 .088 - - - - 0.63 0.017 - - - - - -
(.57–1.04) (0.42–0.92)
Has birth certificate - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.49 .025
(0.26–0.91)
Female caregiver - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Missing >2 necessities 1.95 < .001 - - - - - - - - 4.13 < .001 - - - -
(1.52–2.51) (1.89–9.00)
Informal housing 1.61 < .001 1.45 .018 - - 1.62 .006 - - 1.76 .082 - - - -
(1.26–2.06) (1.06–1.97) (1.15–2.28) (0.93–3.34)
Job in household 0.83 .010 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(0.72–0.96)
Constant 0.18 < .001 0.12 < .001 - - 0.12 < .001 0.09 < .001 0.04 < .001 - - 0.38 .005
Step 3 SDG 2.1 Hunger SDG 3.3 AIDS SDG 3.3 TB SDG 3.4 Mental Health SDG 3.5 Substance Abuse 4.1 School non- enrolment 5.2 Sexual violence or exploitation 16.1 Violence perpetration
AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p AOR p
(95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI) (95% CI)
Cash - - 0.69 .021 - - 0.67 .027 0.61 .011 0.1 < .001 - - 0.67 .016
(0.50–0.95) (0.47–0.96) (0.42–0.89) (0.05–0.19) (0.48–0.93)
Care 0.5 < .001 0.56 < .001 - - - - 0.36 < .001 - - - - 0.59 .001
(0.34–0.73) (0.41–0.77) (0.23–0.57) (0.43–0.81)
Baseline outcome 1.98 < .001 5.59 < .001 - - 2.78 < .001 2.22 < .001 56.26 < .001 - - 1.58 .009
(1.57–2.51) (3.93–7.95) (1.87–4.15) (1.53–3.22) (16.12–196.36) (1.12–2.22)
Older than 13 years - - 4.2 < .001 - - - - 3.63 < .001 - - - - 1.45 .017
(3.05–5.80) (2.40–5.51) (1.07–1.98)
Urban location 1.59 < .001 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(1.27–2.01)
>3 children in home - - - - - - - - 0.63 .017 - - - - - -
(0.42–0.92)
Has birth certificate - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.49 .025
(0.26–0.91)
Female caregiver - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Missing >2 necessities 1.53 .008 - - - - - - - - 5.13 < .001 - - - -
(1.12–2.09) (2.40–10.95)
Informal housing 1.61 < .001 1.5 .010 - - 1.62 .006 - - - - - - - -
(1.26–2.05) (1.10–2.03) (1.15–2.28)
Job in household 0.83 .010 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(0.72–0.96)
Care* Missing >2 necessities 1.84 .013 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(1.14–2.98)
Constant 0.22 < .001 0.07 < .001 - - 0.12 < .001 0.09 < .001 0.03 < .001 - - 0.38 .005

Note. For each outcome, interactions between (a) cash and care and (b) each of cash and care and the covariates in the model were tested. None were statistically significant except for the interaction between care and missing necessities for the outcome hunger, as shown in step 3, and thus only significant effects are illustrated.