Table 6. Odds ratios of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and a low BMD by sarcopenia.
| Osteopenia | Osteoporosis | Low BMD | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
| Model 1 | |||||||||
| Non-sarcopenia | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Sarcopenia | 3.227 | 2.125–4.899 | < 0.001 | 6.952 | 3.418–14.139 | < 0.001 | 3.495 | 2.315–5.278 | < 0.001 |
| Model 2 | |||||||||
| Non-sarcopenia | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Sarcopenia | 1.805 | 1.113–2.929 | 0.017 | 1.675 | 0.736–3.812 | 0.219 | 1.820 | 1.126–2.941 | 0.014 |
| Model 3 | |||||||||
| Non-sarcopenia | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Sarcopenia | 1.827 | 1.126–2.964 | 0.015 | 1.736 | 0.764–3.942 | 0.187 | 1.837 | 1.136–2.969 | 0.013 |
| Model 4 | |||||||||
| Non-sarcopenia | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Sarcopenia | 1.822 | 1.123–2.953 | 0.015 | 1.657 | 0.728–3.770 | 0.229 | 1.830 | 1.133–2.956 | 0.014 |
Model 1: Age, gender, height, smoking frequency, vitamin D, ALP and PTH levels, FEV1 (%), physical inactivity level. Model 2: Model 1 plus weight. Model 3: Model 1 plus BMI. Model 4: Model 1 plus weight and BMI. BMD, bone mineral density; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; PTH, parathyroid hormone; BMI, body mass index.