Table 7. Odds ratios of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and a low BMD by sarcopenia in each body weight group (subgroup analysis).

	Osteopenia			Osteoporosis			Low BMD
	OR	95% CI	P	OR	95% CI	P	OR	95% CI	P
High-weight group
Non-sarcopenia	1			1			1
Sarcopenia	2.248	1.084–4.665	0.030	4.621	1.167–18.291	0.029	2.376	1.158–4.877	0.018
Low-weight group
Non-sarcopenia	1			1			1
Sarcopenia	2.301	1.239–4.275	0.008	3.580	1.410–9.089	0.007	2.439	1.324–4.496	0.004

Adjusted for age, gender, height, smoking frequency, vitamin D, ALP and PTH levels, FEV₁ (%), and physical inactivity level. BMD, bone mineral density; AWGS, Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; PTH, parathyroid hormone.