Table 2.

CYP isoenzymes and CNS-acting drugs as substrates (exogenous or endogenous)

CYP enzymes	Exogenous substrates (drugs, xenobiotics, and other compounds)	Endogenous substrates	Refs
CYP1A1	7-Ethoxyresorufin, nicotine, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA), rifampicin	Melatonin, estradiol, AA, progesterone	[23-25]
CYP1A2	Caffeine, phenacetin, diazepam, haloperidol, aspartame, phenytoin, primidone, 7-ethoxyresorufin	AA, estradiol and other steroids, fatty acids	[9,18,23,24]
CYP1B1	Arachdonic acid, stilbene, beta-naphthoflavone, 7,12-dimethylbenz( a) anthracene (DMBA), nicotine	Melatonin, estradiol	[9,16,18]
CYP2B6	Methadone, meperidine, ethanol, nicotine, pentobarbital, phencyclidine, propofol, sertraline, phenytoin, chlorpyrifos, cyclophosphamide, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), efavirenz, ifosfamide, malathion, paraquat, parathion	17β-Estradiol, anandamide, AA, estrone, serotonin, testosterone	[19,38,39,74,83,122]
CYP2C	Felbamate, fluoxetine, phenobarbital, (S)- warfarin, phenytoin, valproic acid, topiramate, carvedilol, celecoxib, carbamazepine, primidone, rifampicin	Testosterone, progesterone, AA, serotonin, harmaline, harmine, linoleic acid, melatonin	[29,30,117,123]
CYP2D	Amitriptyline, brofaromine, clomipramine, codeine, opiate, citalopram, clozapine, desipramine, dextromethorphan, morphine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, haloperidol, imipramine, mianserin, mirtazapine, nicotine, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), parathion	5-Methoxytryptamine, anandamide, progesterone, tyramine	[9,11,18,32,34–37,45,98,122]
CYP2E1	Isoflurane, phenytoin, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, acetone, aniline, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, chlorzoxazone, ethanol, nicotine, aspartame	17β-Estradiol, arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, prostaglandin	[15,19,84,85,90]
CYP3A	Carbamazepine, oxcarbamazepine, phenytoin, caffeine, ketoconazole, nifedipine, dexamethasone, felbamate, pesticides	Steroids, progesterone, testosterone, estradiol	[20,33,43,69,73–75,77,110,120]