Table 2.

Main and Interactive Effects of Prenatal Exposure and BDNF genotype on offspring Psychiatric disorders

Outcome	Covariates:	Estimate (s.e.)	P value
Major Depression	Exposure	−0.29 (0.42)	0.48
	Genotype	−0.55 (0.37)	0.13
	Exposure × Genotype Interaction	1.31 (0.68)	0.055
	Maternal Depression	1.24 (0.31)	0.0001
	Sex	0.67 (0.30)	0.024
	Age	0.03 (0.01)	0.0097
	Maternal Substance Use	−0.54 (0.33)	0.097
Any Mood Disorder	Exposure	0.26 (0.47)	0.57
	Genotype	−0.59 (0.37)	0.11
	Exposure × Genotype Interaction	0.05 (0.71)	0.94
	Maternal Depression	1.02 (0.31)	0.0011
	Sex	0.59 (0.30)	0.054
	Age	0.04 (0.01)	0.017
	Maternal Substance Use	0.29 (0.33)	0.37
Any Anxiety Disorder	Exposure	−0.33 (0.42)	0.43
	Genotype	0.28 (0.37)	0.44
	Exposure × Genotype Interaction	0.01 (0.67)	0.98
	Maternal Depression	0.95 (0.31)	0.0021
	Sex	0.84 (0.29)	0.0043
	Age	−0.001 (0.01)	0.91
	Maternal Substance Use	0.42 (0.32)	0.19
Disruptive behavior Disorder	Exposure	0.36 (0.44)	0.42
	Genotype	−0.02 (0.41)	0.96
	Exposure × Genotype Interaction	0.86 (0.69)	0.21
	Maternal Depression	0.45 (0.34)	0.18
	Sex	−0.39 (0.31)	0.20
	Age	0.01 (0.01)	0.49
	Maternal Substance Use	0.83 (0.33)	0.013
Conduct Disorder	Exposure	0.15 (0.51)	0.76
	Genotype	−0.59 (0.54)	0.27
	Exposure × Genotype Interaction	1.92 (0.81)	0.017
	Maternal Depression	0.75 (0.42)	0.077
	Sex	−0.42 (0.36)	0.25
	Age	0.04 (0.02)	0.018
	Maternal Substance Use	0.52 (0.38)	0.17
Substance Use Disorder	Exposure	−0.21 (0.42)	0.62
	Genotype	−0.85 (0.39)	0.029
	Exposure × Genotype Interaction	2.14 (0.70)	0.0023
	Maternal Depression	0.28 (0.31)	0.37
	Sex	−0.74 (0.29)	0.012
	Age	0.017 (0.01)	0.19
	Maternal Substance Use	0.27 (0.32)	0.39
Nicotine Dependence	Exposure	0.97 (0.44)	0.028
	Genotype	−0.10 (0.44)	0.19
	Exposure × Genotype Interaction	−0.87 (0.73)	0.81
	Maternal Depression	0.87 (0.37))	0.23
	Sex	−0.74 (0.33)	0.019
	Age	0.007(0.014)	0.96
	Maternal Substance Use	0.65 (0.35)	0.067

Co-variates were coded as follows:
Exposure compares exposure to ≥10 cigarettes per day in pregnancy vs. not
Genotype compares presence of ≥ 1 risk (met) allele vs val/val genotype;
Maternal depression compares lifetime maternal depression to no depression
Sex compares female vs male
Age is encoded as a continuous variable
Maternal substance use compares maternal lifetime substance use disorder to no disorder.
Positive beta estimates indicate a positive effect of the corresponding covariate, as coded above. A positive value for the interaction term indicates that the association between exposure an