Table 2.
Cytokine profile in the crevicular fluid among study groups.
| Author et al., year | Study groups | Type of assay | Cytokines evaluated | Main outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duzagac et al. [17], 2015 | Group 1: OBCP (n = 15) Group 2: NBCP (n = 15) Group 3: NBNP (n = 15) |
ELISA | Adiponectin, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 | GCF concentrations of adiponectin, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were comparable in OBCP and NBCP |
|
| ||||
| Gonçalves et al. [19], 2015 | Group 1: OBCP (n = 20) Group 2: NBCP (n = 20) |
ELISA | Resistin, adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6 | GCF concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, TNF-α, and resistin were comparable in OBCP and NBCP |
|
| ||||
| Pradeep et al. [20], 2015 | Group 1: OBCP (n = 10) Group 2: NBCP (n = 10) Group 3: OBNP (n = 10) Group 4: NBNP (n = 10) |
ELISA | Lipocalin-2 | GCF lipocalin-2 concentrations were higher in OBCP compared to NBCP |
|
| ||||
| Pradeep et al. [21], 2016 | Group 1: OBCP (n = 10) Group 2: NBCP (n = 10) Group 3: OBNP (n = 10) Group 4: NBNP (n = 10) |
ELISA | Vaspin | GCF vaspin levels were comparable in OBCP and NBCP |
|
| ||||
| Öngöz Dede et al. [22], 2016 | Group 1: OBCP (n = 15) Group 2: NBCP (n = 15) Group 3: OBG (n = 15) Group 4: NBG (n = 15) Group 5: OBNP (n = 15) Group 6: NBNP (n = 15) |
ELISA | 8-OHdG | GCF 8-OHdG levels were comparable in OBCP and NBCP |
|
| ||||
| Patel and Raju [23], 2014 | Group 1: OBCP (n = 30) Group 2: NBCP (n = 30) Group 3: NBNP (n = 30) |
ELISA | Resistin | GCF resistin levels were comparable in OBCP and NBCP |
|
| ||||
| Fadel et al. [24], 2014 | Group 1: OBCP (n = 27) Group 2: NBCP (n = 28) |
ELISA | IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, leptin, resistin, PAI-1, adiponectin, and adipsin | GCF levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, leptin, resistin, PAI-1, adiponectin, and adipsin were comparable in OBCP and NBCP |
|
| ||||
| Zimmermann et al. [6], 2013 | Group 1: OBCP (n = 20) Group 2: NBCP (n = 20) Group 3: OBNP (n = 18) Group 4: NBNP (n = 20) |
ELISA | Resistin, adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6 | GCF concentrations of resistin, adiponectin, leptin, and IL-6 were comparable in OBCP and NBCP TNF-α level was higher in OBCP compared to NBCP |
|
| ||||
| Pradeep et al. [25], 2013 | Group 1: OBCP (n = 10) Group 2: NBCP (n = 10) Group 3: OBNP (n = 10) Group 4: NBNP (n = 10) |
ELISA | MCP-4, hsCRP | GCF levels of MCP-4 were higher in OBCP as compared to NBCP GCF levels of hsCRP were comparable between OBCP and NBCP |
|
| ||||
| Pradeep et al. [26], 2012 | Group 1: OBCP (n = 10) Group 2: NBCP (n = 10) Group 3: OBNP (n = 10) Group 4: NBNP (n = 10) |
ELISA | Progranulin, hsCRP | GCF levels of PGRN were higher in OBCP compared to NBCP GCF levels of hsCRP were comparable between OBCP and NBCP |
|
| ||||
| Modéer et al. [16], 2011 | Group 1: OBCP (n = 52) Group 2: NBCP (n = 52) |
ELISA | Adiponectin, PAI-1, IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α | IL-1β and IL-8 were higher in OBCP compared to NBCP PAI-1, TNF-α, and adiponectin were comparable in OBCP and NBCP |
OBCP: obese with periodontitis, NBCP: nonobese with periodontitis, OBNP: obese with no periodontitis; OBG: obese with gingivitis; NBG: nonobese with gingivitis, NBNP: nonobese with no periodontitis, GCF: gingival crevicular fluid, ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL: interleukin, hsCRP: high sensitivity c-reactive protein, 8-OhdG: 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, ICAM: intercellular adhesion molecule, PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and MCP-4: monocyte chemoattractant protein-4.