Table 1.

Primers for real time quantitative PCR.

Gene	Sense primer	Antisense primer
ACT1	CCAGTATTGTAGGTAGACCAAGAC	TCAATGGGGTATTTCAAGGTAAGG
HQT	CGAGCAAGTTATACATAGC	AGTTGTGGATTCTCTTAGC
PAL1	GCCAATCCAGTCACTAACC	CGTAAATTCTCCTCCAAATGC
PAL2	GCTCGCCCTTGTTAATGG	GTGGTGCTTCAACTTATGC
PAL3	TGAACGCTGGAATCTTTGG	GGTGATGTTGTGGTTGAGG

HQT, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate: hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (the PAL gene family consists of PAL1. PAL2, and PAL3). ACT1 was used as an internal reference gene.