Table 1.
Developmental roles of FGFs in the embryonic mouse heart.
| Function | Heart phenotype | |
|---|---|---|
| PARACRINE SIGNAL | ||
| FGF8 | Loss-of-function | Defect in cardiac looping, the cardiac outflow tract, and anterior heart field development |
| Loss-of-function | Decrease in migratory cardiac neural crest survival | |
| FGF9 | Loss-of-function | Decrease in cardiomyocyte proliferation |
| FGF10 | Loss-of-function | Decrease in cardiomyocyte proliferation |
| Loss-of-function | Decrease in cardiac fibroblast migration | |
| FGF10/FGF3 | Loss-of-function | Defect in cardiovascular progenitor cell development |
| FGF10/FGF8 | Loss-of-function | Defect in outflow tract and right ventricle development |
| FGF15/19 | Loss-of-function | Defect in cardiac outflow tract development |
| FGF16 | Loss-of-function | Decrease in cardiomyocyte proliferation |
| Loss-of-function | Defect in chamber, atrial, and ventricular walls and trabeculation | |