Table 2. Detailed information on the 11 identified TGC-specific AIs.

Spot no	Name	Function	Reported Species	Detection Method	Localization
2	Tubb2c	cytoskeletal protein	human	electron microscopy	sperm flagellum
10	Atp6v1a	hydrolase in generating and maintaining the acidity of organelles	rat	protein expression (immunohistchemistry)	epididymal epithelial cell
15	Pdhb	dehydrogenase for converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA	hamster	protein expression (immunohistchemistry)	sperm flagellum
16	Hsc70t	heat shock protein	pig, fox, horse, cattle, marmoset, Japanese monkey, human, musk shrew, blue-white dolphin, dunnart	protein expression (immunohistchemistry)	late spermatid (cytoplasm)
21	Fbp1	rate-limiting step enzymes in gluconeogenesis	rat	protein expression (immunohistchemistry)	round and elongating spermatid (cytoplasm and flagellum)
24	Lrrc34	protein in forming solenoid-shaped structures for protein-protein interactions	mouse	mRNA expression (in situ hybridization)	late spermatocyte, round spermatid
27	Dnpep	—	—	—	—
32	Gapdhs	oxidoreductase in glycolysis	human, rat, mouse	protein expression (immunohistchemistry)	spermatid, epididymal spermatozoa
34	Pdha2	dehydrogenase for converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA	human	mRNA expression (quantitative RT-PCR)	Sertoli cells, germ cells, ejaculated spermatozoa
35	Dazap1	RNA binding proteins	mouse	protein expression (immunohistchemistry)	late pachytene spermatocyte, round spermatid (nuclei) elongating spermatid (cytoplasm)
36	Unnamed protein product	—	—	—	—