Figure 3.

Inverted microscope micrographs of Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney treated with khat extract in a concentration-dependent manner in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium for 48 h; normal Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cell cultures showing a confluent monolayer sheet of cells (a), Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cells treated with 1.25 mg khat extract showing slight rounded cells (b), cells inoculated 5 mg/ml developed many rounding and gaps as a result of detaching (c) and in concentration of 10 mg/ml more many rounding, more gaps and clumping were observed that were considered as cytopathic effect (d) (×200)