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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 25.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Soc Rev. 2016 Jul 25;45(15):4074–4126. doi: 10.1039/c5cs00287g

Figure 15. Phage display cycle with phagemid.

Figure 15

A library of DNA sequences with random variations of the protein of interest (POI) displayed on the pIII coat protein is cloned into a phagemid vector. After transformation of E. coli cells and subsequent infection with helper phages, the phage library is created. Using an immobilized target molecule, rounds of selection and amplification are performed until phages with the highest affinity are isolated. DNA sequencing can be used to identify the phages, and/or directed evolution can be used to create new libraries for panning. Reproduced with permission from ref. 355. Copyright 2011 Biochemical Society.