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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 25.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Soc Rev. 2016 Jul 25;45(15):4074–4126. doi: 10.1039/c5cs00287g

Figure 22. Phage litmus for TNT detection.

Figure 22

a) Phages genetically engineered with binding peptide for TNT were self-assembled through dip coating with varying pulling speeds to form bundled structures that resulted in colored matrices. b) Structural changes upon TNT binding resulted in color changes that can be detected using an iPhone-based analysis system down to a level of 300 ppb, with dashed red line showing the sensitivity limit. c) Images and processed fingerprints from the colorimetric sensor after exposure to MNT, DNT, and TNT demonstrated selective sensing of TNT over the similar molecules. d) Principal component analysis of the color changes further verified selectivity. Reproduced with permission from ref. 395. Copyright 2014 Nature Publishing Group.