Gel retardation assay was done as described in Materials and Methods in the presence of the indicated amounts of IntI1. Oligomers comprising 72 nt of either top- or bottom strand of the wild-type attC (o-0t, o-0b) were labelled with 32P and used at a concentration of 8 and 4 nM, respectively, corresponding to 300 c.p.s. in each binding reaction. B, protein–DNA complexes; F, free single-stranded DNA; W, aggregated DNA that remained in the wells.