Fig. S1.

Distribution of 112,786 individual persistent modern natural water points across the Australian continent (white dots) derived from the WOfS dataset and the distribution natural permanent water bodies compiled from the 1:250,000 topographic sheets. The gray area represents the extent of the Australian continent at the lowest plausible sea level in the Australian region, −80 m below present sea level (i.e, the maximum land extent during the period of potential initial arrival between 40–60 ka), with a level of −55 m below present sea level adopted to delimit the extent of Lake Carpentaria between Australia and New Guinea (50).