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. 2016 Oct 13;4:e2580. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2580

Table 3. Age of deposition of the external fundamental system (EFS) in the limb bones of adult kulans and time of several biological traits in equids obtained from the literature.

Age of epiphyseal fusion (Silver, 1969) is indicated for the closely related species Equus caballus while age at sexual maturity (Nowak, 1999) and age at first reproduction (Kaczensky et al., 2015) is reported for Equus hemionus. All data are expressed in years.

EFS Epiphyseal fusion
F T Mc Mt F T Mc Mt Sexual maturity Age at first reproduction
Female 4 3 3 3–3.5 3–3.5 1.25–1.5 1.3–1.6 2 3
Male 6 4 4 3–3.5 3–3.5 1.25–1.5 1.3–1.6 3 5

Notes.

F
femur
T
tibia
Mc
metacarpus
Mt
metatarsus