Fig. 3.

Normal roots induced with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (a, upper image) were thinner, with smaller root meristem than hairy roots induced with Agrobacterium rhizogenes (a, image below). Bar is 1 mm. Large tumour clusters (b) and hairy root culture (c) in liquid MS medium on an orbital shaker. Addition of 1 mg/L of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or abscisic acid (ABA) to the liquid MS medium attenuated growth and rosmarinic acid (RA) production in tumour line T1 (d), while growth and RA production of hairy root line HR1 were induced with 1 mg/L of NAA and 1 mg/L of ABA, respectively (e). Values are the mean of 6 measurements±S.D. Differences in fresh mass and RA content were tested using t-test. Significant differences (p≤0.05) compared to the control (MS) are indicated by asterisk.
HPLC chromatograms (f) of the extracts from normal roots after acid hydrolysis (NR NAA) compared to the hydrolysed extracts from hairy roots (HR 0) and hairy roots cultured on MS with 1 mg/L of NAA (HR NAA). The chromatograms were obtained using a gradient elution system (see Materials and Methods) and detection was carried out at 280 nm. Black arrows indicate phenolic compounds which were produced in significantly higher amounts in hairy roots compared to normal roots