Table 5. Levels of ergot alkaloids in rye-based food products.
| Sample | w/(µg/kg) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Em | Es | Et | Eco | Ekr | Ecr | Emn | Esn | Etn | Econ | Ekrn | Ecrn | Total | ||
| Rye | Mean value±S.D. | 1.2±0.5 | 2.1±0.9 | 2.8±1.7 | 2.8±1.7 | 3.1±1.4 | 3.8±1.6 | – | 0.8±0.1 | 0.8±0.3 | 1.5±1.0 | 2.4±1.3 | 1.5±0.7 | 14.8±9.8 |
| Median | 1.0 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 4.1 | – | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.25 | 2.35 | 1.1 | 20.7 | |
| Min | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.8 | – | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.8 | |
| Max | 1.9 | 3.2 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.6 | – | 0.8 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 4.1 | 2.5 | 25.0 | |
| N=18 | 9* (50%) | 12 (67%) | 9 (50%) | 9 (50%) | 9 (50%) | 9 (50%) | 0 | 9 (50%) | 9 (50%) | 12 (67%) | 12 (67%) | 9 (50%) | 15 (83%) | |
| Flour | Mean value±S.D. | 5.4±6.9 | 12.9±29.7 | 23.6±53.9 | 16.3±39.6 | 17.1±40.1 | 19.7±43.6 | 17.0±5.2 | 6.0±12.3 | 6.7±10.2 | 9.1±20.7 | 16.0±13.6 | 10.4±24.0 | 106.1±280.0 |
| Median | 1.8 | 3.75 | 7.5 | 5.3 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 16.95 | 1.95 | 3.9 | 2.8 | 6.7 | 2.0 | 26.3 | |
| Min | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 11.8 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.9 | |
| Max | 17.2 | 110.8 | 223.2 | 152.8 | 149.5 | 168 | 22.1 | 42.7 | 41.2 | 80.4 | 115.2 | 92.4 | 1215.5 | |
| N=34 | 8 (24%) | 24 (71%) | 30 (88%) | 26 (76%) | 24 (71%) | 26 (76%) | 2 (6%) | 20 (59%) | 26 (76%) | 26 (76%) | 22 (65%) | 26 (76%) | 32 (94%) | |
| Bran | Mean value±S.D. | 1.1±0.5 | 2.1±1.0 | 5.1±4.4 | 2.3±2.1 | 4.3±1.6 | 3.3±2.1 | – | 1.2±0.4 | 2.1±1.1 | 2.6±1.6 | 6.7±2.0 | 1.5±0.6 | 16.9±18.4 |
| Median | 1.5 | 2.15 | 3.65 | 1.2 | 4.9 | 3.3 | – | 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 7.9 | 1.5 | 6.7 | |
| Min | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 1.2 | – | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 1.5 | |
| Max | 1.5 | 3.3 | 12.2 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 5.4 | – | 1.6 | 3.6 | 4.7 | 8.3 | 2.1 | 46 | |
| N=12 | 2 (17%) | 8 (67%) | 8 (67%) | 10 (83%) | 6 (50%) | 4 (33%) | 0 | 6 (50%) | 6 (50%) | 6 (50%) | 6 (50%) | 2 (17%) | 12 (100%) | |
| Flakes | Mean value**±S.D. | 4.1±0.5 | 1.9±0.2 | 1.1±0.3 | 24.4±4.1 | 8.9±0.6 | – | 6.2±0.7 | 1.6±0.2 | 0.7±0.1 | 53.9±3.0 | 25±2.6 | – | 127.8±9.9 |
| Median** | 4.0 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 25.3 | 8.9 | – | 6.4 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 52.0 | 26.0 | – | 133.0 | |
| Min** | 3.8 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 19 | 8.1 | – | 5.2 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 51.6 | 21.5 | – | 114.0 | |
| Max** | 4.3 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 29 | 9.6 | – | 6.9 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 58.1 | 27.6 | – | 136.5 | |
| N=1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
S.D.=standard deviation, –<LOQ (limit of quantification), *positive samples, **average of three independent replicates Abbreviations as in Table 1