Table 16.
Studies on intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factors (adverse effects)
| Study | Number of participants/eyes | Intervention
|
Adverse events
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-VEGF Injection | Systemic CS (unless otherwise stated) | Immunosuppression | Ocular
|
Systemic | ||||||
| Cataracts | Raised IOP
|
Others | ||||||||
| >10 mmHg/requiring medications | Requiring surgery | |||||||||
| Rouvas et al30 | 16 eyes of 15 consecutive patients | 0.5 mg ranibizumab | – | – | None | None | None | Retinal pigment epithelial atrophy surrounding the regressed CNV was developed in 11 of the 16 eyes (68.8%) | None | |
| Julián et al29 | 15 eyes from 15 patients | 1.25 mg bevacizumab | ✓ | 9 | None | None | None | Retinal atrophy in 13% | None | |
| Mansour et al35 | 99 eyes of 96 patients | 33.3% 2.5 mg bevacizumab, 66.6% 1.25 mg bevacizumab | ± | ± | None | 1% mild ocular hypertension (not quantified) | None | 3% submacular fibrosis and 1% submacular hemorrhage | None | |
| Mansour et al34 | 84 eyes of 79 patients | 45% 2.5 mg bevacizumab, 55% 1.25 mg bevacizumab | ± | ± | None | None | None | 1% macular hemorrhage after injection | None | |
| Bae et al36 | 21 eyes | 10 eyes | 1.25 mg intravitreal bevacizumab | ± | ± | None | 10% of eyes had increase in IOP >5 mmHg above baseline | None | None | None |
| 11 eyes | 4 mg IVTA | ± | ± | 36% | 9% | |||||
| Rahimi et al32 | 60 eyes of 55 patients | 31 eyes | 1.25 mg bevacizumab | ± | ± (baseline) | – | Mean of maximum increase in IOP: 17.77±2.15 mmHg | None | – | None |
| 29 eyes | – | 4 mg IVTA ± (baseline CS) | ± (baseline) | Mean of maximum increase in IOP: 20.00±1.89 mmHg (significantly higher than bevacizumab) | None | |||||
| Mansour et al28 | 81 eyes | 72.8% 2.5 mg bevacizumab, 27.2% 1.25 mg bevacizumab | ± | ± | – | – | – | 6.2% submacular fibrosis, 1.2% eye retinal pigment epithelial tear, 1.2% eye macular ischemia in the context of vasculitis | None | |
Notes: “–”, data not available; ±, treatment was or was not administered based on physician’s discretion; ✓, treatment administered.
Abbreviations: CNV, choroidal neovascularization; CS, corticosteroids; IOP, intraocular pressure; IVTA, intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factors.