FIG 1.

Phylogeny, host ranges, and potential host glycan ligands for group A rotaviruses. The group A RVs have been divided into 37 P genotypes (P[1] to P[37]) based on the major surface spike protein VP4 (33). A phylogeny dividing 35 group A RVs (P[1] to P[35]) into five P genogroups (P[I] to P[IV]), reported previously (25), is shown. The assigned human and animal hosts were based on the ranks of VP4 or VP8* sequence numbers reported for individual species, with only the top (internal row) and second (outer row) ranks shown. It is noted that limited numbers of sequences were reported for genotypes P[10], P[18], and P[20] as well as the newly identified genotypes P[28] to P[35], and the true host species for these genotypes need to be verified in future studies. The carbohydrate ligands recognized by genotypes reported in the literature are listed, including P[1], P[2], P[3], and P[7] (9); P[4], P[6], and P[8] (13, 20, 23); P[9], P[14], and P[25] (25); P[11] (24, 26); and P[19] (this study). Comparison of the P[7] (PDB ID 2I2S [44]) and P[14] (PDB ID 4DRV [21]) receptor binding sites with that of P[19] is in the bottom portion. The figure is modified based on data presented in previously published references (21–23, 25, 44).