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. 2015 Dec 1;5(12):e686. doi: 10.1038/tp.2015.176

Table 1. Characteristics of each study included in this meta-analysis (N=11 151 participants).

Study name Publication year Study design Sample size % Caucasian % Male % Cessation (measurement method) % A1/* genotype frequency
Noble et al.17 1994 Cross-sectional survey 172 100 53.7 66.9 (self-report) 41.9
Bierut et al.20 2000 Cross-sectional survey 954 76 44.8 59.3 (self-report) 36.6
Wu et al.21 2000 Cross-sectional survey 59 0 (100% Mexicans) 78.0 40.7 (self-report) 74.6
Wu et al.21 2000 Cross-sectional survey 72 0 (100% Africans) 67.8 48.6 (self-report) 62.5
Yoshida et al.46 2001 Cross-sectional survey 134 0 (100% Asians) 46.7 42.5 (self-report) 44.8
Hamajima et al.47 2002 Cross-sectional survey 359 0 (100% Asians) 43.6 37.1 (self-report) 59.9
Lerman et al.38 2003 Prospective (treatment) 425 100 46.2 11.3 (cotinine verified) 42.4
Cinciripini et al.53 2004 Prospective (treatment) 134 91.8 49.3 15~20 (cotinine verified) 43.3
Yudkin et al.36 2004 Prospective (treatment) 752 99.0 40.8 10.1 (cotinine/CO verified) 41.2
Berlin et al.40 2005 Prospective (treatment) 595 85.0 48.0 10~20 (CO verified) 41.3
Morton et al.15 2006 Cross-sectional survey 2123 88.8 50.0 50.1 (self-report) 37.2
Swan et al.43 2007 Prospective (treatment) 323 100 37.5 33.1 (self-report) 35.3
Ton et al.51 2007 Prospective (treatment) 586 93 0 (100% female) 15.9 (cotinine verified) 35.5
David et al.39 2007 Prospective (treatment) 291 100 48.8 16.8 (cotinine verified) 44.3
Han et al.49 2008 Prospective (treatment) 225 0 (100% Asians) 100 40 (CO verified) 70.1
Wernicke et al.19 2009 Cross-sectional survey 129 100 50.4 37.2 (self-report) 34.9
Munafo et al.41 2009 Prospective (treatment) 804 100 48 10.0 (cotinine verified) 36.1
Styn et al.48 2009 Prospective (non-treatment) 881 90 48 24.9 (CO verified) 32.5
Breitling et al.54 2010 Prospective (treatment) 562 90.1 48 9.6 (cotinine verified) 32.7
Stapleton et al.52 2011 Prospective (treatment) 419 85.2 40.8 53.6 (CO verified) 41.3
Wilcox et al.55 2011 Prospective (treatment) 76 100 NA 19.7 (CO verified) 40.8
Tashkin et al.50 2012 Prospective (treatment) 621 >95 63.3 46.9 (cotinine and CO verified) 37.7
Gordiev et al.23 2013 Cross-sectional survey 359 100 65.6 43.7 (self-report) 35.4
Ohmoto et al.22 2014 Cross-sectional survey 96 0 (100% Asians) 91.7 21.9 (self-report) 65.6

Abbreviations: CO, carbon monoxide; NA, not applicable.