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. 2015 Sep 1;5(9):e632. doi: 10.1038/tp.2015.136

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Copyright © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Side-effect profiles for S-ketamine, but not R-ketamine, in mice. (a) Effects of R-ketamine and S-ketamine on locomotion in control mice. One hour after habituation, saline, R-ketamine (5, 10 or 20 mg kg⁻¹) or S-ketamine (5, 10 or 20 mg kg⁻¹) was administered intraperitoneally into mice. Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed significant interactions (drug: F_6,125=6.441, P<0.001; time: F_17,125=138.838, P<0.001; interaction (drug × time): F_102,1125=2.814, P<0.001). Values represent the mean±s.e.m. (n=8). **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 compared with the saline-treated group. (b) Effects of R-ketamine (5, 10 or 20 mg kg⁻¹) on PPI test in control mice. The MANOVA revealed no significant effect (Wilks' lambda=0.713, P=0.333). Values represent the mean±s.e.m. (n=8). (c) Effects of S-ketamine (5, 10 or 20 mg kg⁻¹) on the PPI test in control mice. The MANOVA revealed significant effect (Wilks' lambda=0.554, P=0.019). Values represent the mean±s.e.m. (n=8). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with the saline-treated group. (d) The schedule of CPP model and behavioral tests after treatment. (e) RS-ketamine (10 mg kg⁻¹) significantly (P=0.0125) increased CPP scores in mice (n=9). *P<0.05 compared with the saline-treated group. (f) R-ketamine (5, 10 or 20 mg kg⁻¹) did not increase CPP score (F_3,35=0.147, P=0.931). (g) S-Ketamine (5, 10 or 20 mg kg⁻¹) significantly increased CPP score (F_3,34=5.441, P=0.004). Values represent the mean±s.e.m. (n=9–10). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with the saline-treated group. ANOVA, analysis of variance; CPP, conditioned place preference test; MANOVA, multivariate analysis of variance; PPI, prepulse inhibition.

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