Table 2. Maternal antidepressant exposure before and during pregnancy associated with risk for (a) ASD and (b) ADHD.
| (a) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antidepressant exposure | ASD | Controls |
ASD versus ASD-matched controlsa |
||
| 1245 (%) | 3405 (%) | Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
| Time period | |||||
| Prepregnancy | 4.6 | 3.6 | 1.29 (0.93−1.77) | 1.63 (1.02−2.54)* | 1.54 (1.02−2.30)* |
| Pregnancy (preconception delivery) | 2.2 | 2.3 | 0.99 (0.63−1.51) | 1.13 (0.61−2.00) | 0.90 (0.50−1.54) |
| Preconception (conception−30 days) | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.14 (0.57−2.14) | 1.62 (0.62−3.79) | 1.12 (0.46−2.47) |
| First trimester | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.07 (0.59−1.86) | 1.10 (0.45−2.41) | 0.89 (0.40−1.78) |
| Second trimester | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.18 (0.63−2.08) | 1.39 (0.59−2.99) | 1.11 (0.50−2.26) |
| Third trimester | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.00 (0.56−1.72) | 1.20 (0.53−2.47) | 0.85 (0.38−1.74) |
| (b) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antidepressant exposure | ADHD | Controls |
ADHD versus ADHD-matched controlsa |
||
| 1701 (%) | 3797 (%) | Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
| Time period | |||||
| Prepregnancy | 3.1 | 3.8 | 1.22 (0.89−1.66) | 1.48 (1.01−2.15)* | 1.50 (1.00−2.20)* |
| Pregnancy (preconception delivery) | 1.7 | 1.5 | 0.91 (0.56−1.42) | 1.00 (0.56−1.71) | 0.97 (0.53−1.69) |
| Preconception (conception−30 days) | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.92 (0.45−1.77) | 1.04 (0.43−2.29) | 1.01 (0.41−2.26) |
| First trimester | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.67 (0.33−1.24) | 0.72 (0.31−1.52) | 0.69 (0.29−1.49) |
| Second trimester | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.89 (0.46−1.63) | 1.13 (0.51−2.28) | 1.11 (0.50−2.26) |
| Third trimester | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.64 (0.31−1.22) | 0.75 (0.30−1.65) | 0.73 (0.29−1.62) |
Abbreviations: ASD, autism spectrum disorder; ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio. aUnadjusted and adjusted risk of ADHD and ASD compared with ADHD- and ASD-matched controls respectively; Significance at P<0.05. Model 1 is adjusted for gender, race, birth year, insurance type, and median income tertile. Model 2 is adjusted for variables in Model 1 and past history of maternal depression.