Table 3.
Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for breast cancer in two models* according to fifths of intake of fruit during adolescence among women in Nurses’ Health Study II
| Fifth of intake | Ptrend | Per serving/day | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
| All cases | |||||||
| Median intake (serving/day) | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.9 | — | — |
| No of cases/person years | 315/134 534 | 263/134 375 | 250/134 590 | 272/134 414 | 247/134 576 | — | — |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.83 (0.71 to 0.98) | 0.79 (0.67 to 0.93) | 0.86 (0.73 to 1.01) | 0.79 (0.66 to 0.93) | 0.02 | 0.93 (0.87 to 0.99) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.82 (0.69 to 0.96) | 0.76 (0.64 to 0.90) | 0.82 (0.69 to 0.97) | 0.75 (0.62 to 0.90) | 0.01 | 0.91 (0.85 to 0.98) |
| Premenopausal cases | |||||||
| Median intake (serving/day) | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.9 | — | — |
| No of cases/person years | 135/69 408 | 105/69 528 | 123/69 429 | 104/69 505 | 109/69 518 | — | — |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.77 (0.60 to 1.00) | 0.87 (0.68 to 1.12) | 0.75 (0.58 to 0.97) | 0.81 (0.62 to 1.04) | 0.15 | 0.93 (0.84 to 1.03) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.78 (0.60 to 1.01) | 0.87 (0.68 to 1.13) | 0.75 (0.57 to 0.99) | 0.80 (0.60 to 1.05) | 0.17 | 0.93 (0.83 to 1.03) |
| Postmenopausal cases | |||||||
| Median intake (serving/day) | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 2.9 | — | — |
| No of cases/person years | 149/53 265 | 134/53 368 | 108/53 454 | 138/53 178 | 111/53 219 | — | — |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.89 (0.71 to 1.13) | 0.72 (0.56 to 0.92) | 0.92 (0.73 to 1.16) | 0.74 (0.57 to 0.95) | 0.05 | 0.91 (0.82 to 1.00) |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.85 (0.67 to 1.08) | 0.67 (0.52 to 0.87) | 0.84 (0.66 to 1.07) | 0.69 (0.52 to 0.90) | 0.02 | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.98) |
*Model 1: stratified by age in months at state of follow-up and calendar year of current questionnaire cycle. Model 2: as for model 1 and simultaneously adjusted for smoking (never, past, current 1-14/day, current 15-24/day, current ≥25/day), race (white/non-white), parity and age at first birth (nulliparous, parity ≤2 and age at first birth <25, parity ≤2 and age at first birth 25-<30, parity ≤2 and age at first birth ≥30, parity 3-4 and age at first birth <25, parity 3-4 and age at first birth 25-<30, parity 3-4 and age at first birth ≥30, parity ≥5 and age at first birth <25, parity ≥5 and age at first birth ≥25), height (<157, 157-<165, 165-<173, ≥173 cm), BMI at age 18 (<18.5, 18.5-<22.5, 22.5-<25, 25.0-<30, ≥30.0), weight change since age 18 (continuous, missing indicator), age at menarche (<12, 12, 13, ≥14), family history of breast cancer (yes, no), history of benign breast disease (yes, no), oral contraceptive use (never, past, current), adolescent alcohol intake (non-drinker, <5, ≥5 g/day), adult alcohol intake (non-drinker, <5, 5– <15, ≥15 g/day), adolescent energy intake (fifth). In postmenopausal women, we additionally adjusted for hormone use (postmenopausal never users, postmenopausal past users, postmenopausal current users), age at menopause (<45, 45-46, 47-48, 49-50, 51-52, ≥53). Among all women, we additionally adjusted for hormone use and menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal never users, postmenopausal past users, postmenopausal current users, unknown menopausal status) and age at menopause (premenopausal, unknown menopause, <45, 45-46 years, 47-48, 49-50, 51-52, ≥53).