Table 5.
Biomarker type | Study | Sample(s) | Results | Biomarker relationship to depression found? |
---|---|---|---|---|
CSF | Pomara, N et al. 2012 American Journal of Psychiatry. 169(5), 523–530. | 28 with MDD 19 no depression |
Elderly individuals with depression had lower levels of CSF Aβ42 compared to those without depression | Yes |
Diniz, BS et al. 2014. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 69(6), 845–851. | 25 antidepressant-free patients with late life depression. 25 HC |
No significant differences in AD related biomarkers between groups | No | |
Amyloid Imaging | Tateno, A et al. 2015. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 30(7), 720–728. | 33 MCI patients with a history of GD 22 HC |
In depression and MCI groups, amyloid uptake was significantly associated with depression onset. | Yes |
Wu, KY et al. 2014. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 41(4), 714–722. | 25 depressed patients 11 non-depressed patients |
Depressed patients had greater amyloid uptake in parietal, precuneus, frontal, temporal, and occipital regions. | Yes | |
Yasuno, F et al. (2016). International journal of geriatric psychiatry. | 29 cognitively normal older participants | More depressive symptoms were associated with greater amyloid uptake | Yes | |
Kumar A et al. (2011). Archives of general psychiatry, 68(11), 1143–1150. | 20 patients with MDD 19 healthy controls |
[18F]FDDNP uptake was higher in posterior cingulate and lateral temporal regions in MDD group compared to healthy controls | Yes | |
Plasma | Pomara N et al. (2006). Neurochem Res, 31(3), 341–349. | 47 with late life MDD 35 controls |
Higher Aβ42 and Aβ42/Aβ40 were found in depressed individuals compared to healthy controls | Yes |
Kita Y et al. (2009). Psychogeriatrics, 9(4), 180–185. | 30 patients with MDD 30 controls |
Aβ40 and Aβ42 alone did not differ by groups. The Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio was higher in MDD group compared to controls | Mixed | |
Blasko, I et al. (2010). Am. J. Geriat. Psychiatry, 18(11), 973–982. | 331 HC | Aβ42predicted future first depressive episode | Yes |
Abbreviations: CSF = Cerebrospinal Fluid; MDD = Major Depressive Disorder; GD = Geriatric Depression; Aβ42 = β-amyloid42; Aβ40 = β-amyloid40; MCI = Mild Cognitive Impairment; HC = Healthy Controls;