Corticocortical coherence (A) and frontal-parietal directed connectivity (B-C) during wakefulness, slow wave sleep, and rapid eye movement sleep. The symbol-line plots (B-C) show the individual rat data while the significance symbols represent the outcome of group level statistical testing using repeated measures analysis of variance with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. The right axis in (B) and (C) applies only to the grey shaded area. Significance symbols denote a statistical difference at an alpha of p<0.05. The actual p values are reported in the text in the results section. *significant as compared to wake, #significant as compared to slow wave sleep, blue bars/circles: wake, yellow bars/triangles: slow wave sleep, red bars/squares: rapid eye movement sleep. NSTE: normalized symbolic transfer entropy, s.e.m.: standard error of the mean.