Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics in the included studies
| Author, year [reference] | IHCA or OHCA | No. of patients | Males, n (%) | Age, yeara | VF/pVT, n (%) | Witnessed, n (%) | TTM, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| c-CPR | |||||||
| Adrie, 2008 [8] | OHCA | 246 | 174 (70.7) | 55.2 ± 17.6 | 62 (25.2) | 198 (80.5) | 71 (28.9) |
| Bernard, 2002 [14] | OHCA | 77 | 52 (67.5) | 66.5 ± 9.7 | 77 (100) | 73 (94.8) | 48 (55.8) |
| Calderon, 2014 [26] | Mixed | 72 | 42 (58.3) | 59.0 ± 16 | 31 (43.1) | N/A | 72 (100) |
| Dragancea, 2013 [6] | Mixed | 159 | 109 (68.6) | 67 ± 13.7 | 97 (60.5) | N/A | 159 (100) |
| Elmer, 2016 [27] | OHCA | 4265 | 2740 (64.2) | 65 (53–77) | 1835 (43) | 2809 (65.9) | 1858 (43.8) |
| Geocadin, 2006 [5] | Mixed | 58 | 41 (70.7) | 57.2 ± 15 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Greer, 2013 [28] | Mixed | 200 | 124 (62) | 59.9 ± 16.5 | 68 (34) | N/A | 39 (19.5) |
| Grossestreuer, 2013 [29] | OHCA | 194 | 114 (58.8) | 57.0 ± 16 | 76 (40) | N/A | 194 (100) |
| Lemiale, 2013 [4] | OHCA | 1152 | 842 (73.1) | 58.4 ± 15.4 | 654 (56.8) | 1054 (87.7) | 764 (66.3) |
| Mentzelopoulos, 2013 [30] | IHCA | 268 | 183 (68.3) | 63 ± 18.2 | 45 (16.8) | 247 (92.2) | 68 (25.4) |
| Mulder, 2014 [31] | OHCA | 154 | 104 (67.5) | 59.0 ± 16 | 83 (53.9) | 154 (100) | 154 (100) |
| Nielsen, 2013 [32] | OHCA | 939 | 761 (81) | 64 ± 12.6 | 752 (80.1) | 839 (89.4) | 939 (100) |
| Peberdy, 2003 [33] | IHCA | 14,720 | 8390 (57) | 67.0 ± 15 | 3680 (25) | 12,659 (86) | N/A |
| Rundgren, 2010 [34] | Mixed | 95 | 68 (71.6) | 65 (50–74) | 57 (60) | N/A | 95 (100) |
| Sivaraju, 2015 [35] | N/A | 100 | 59 (59) | 62.3 ± 16.2 | 33 (33) | N/A | 100 (100) |
| Stammet, 2009 [36] | Mixed | 45 | 30 (66.7) | 56 ± 17 | 22 (48.9) | N/A | 45 (100) |
| Total c-CPR | 22,744 | 13,833 (60.8) | 60.9 ± 0.86 b | 7572 (33.3) | 18,033 (82.6) | 4601 (57.8) | |
| e-CPR | |||||||
| Avalli, 2012 [37] | Mixed | 42 | 33 (78.6) | 64.8 ± 11.7 | 28 (66.7) | 42 (100) | 42 (100) |
| Fagnoul, 2013 [38] | Mixed | 24 | 14 (58.3) | 48 (38–55) | 10 (41.7) | 22 (91.7) | 17 (70.8) |
| Lamhaut, 2013 [39] | OHCA | 7 | 6 (85.7) | 42 ± 16 | 5 (71.4) | 7 (100) | 7 (100) |
| Le Guen, 2011 [40] | OHCA | 51 | 46 (90.2) | 42 ± 15 | 32 (62.7) | 51 (100) | 51 (100) |
| Massetti, 2005 [41] | Mixed | 40 | 23 (57.5) | 42 ± 15 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Megarbane, 2007 [42] | Mixed | 17 | 5 (29.4) | 47 (27–57) | 0 | 17 (100) | 17 (100) |
| Megarbane, 2011 [43] | Mixed | 66 | 51 (77.3) | 46 (39–55) | 30 (45.5) | 66 (100) | 66 (100) |
| Pozzi, 2016 [44] | OHCA | 68 | 50 (73.5) | 43.7 ± 11.4 | 32 (47.1) | 68 (100) | 68 (100) |
| Rousse, 2015 [45] | OHCA | 32 | 23 (71.9) | 43.2 ± 14.3 | 19 (59.4) | 32 (100) | 32 (100) |
| Thiagarajan, 2009 [46] | N/A | 297 | 195 (65.7) | 52 (35–64) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Total e-CPR | 644 | 466 (72.4) | 47.6 ± 1.44 b* | 156 (50.8)* | 305 (99.3)* | 300 (97.7)* | |
| Overall | 23,388 | 14,299 (61.1) | 57.5 ± 0.74 b | 7728 (33) | 18,338 (82.9) | 4901 (59.2) | |
Total percentages are referred to studies with available data
c-CPR conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation, e-CPR extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, IHCA in-hospital cardiac arrest, N/A not available, OHCA out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, TTM targeted temperature management, VF/pVT ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia
* p < 0.0001 vs. c-CPR
aMean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range)
bPooled estimate of the mean ± SE