Table 35 Benign esophageal diseases

	Operation (+)										Endoscopic resection	Operation (−)	Total
	Number of patients			Hospital mortality
	Total	Open	T/L*3	Open Surgery			T/L*3			Total
				~30 days	31–90 days	Total (including after 91 days mortality)	~30 days	31–90 days	Total (including after 91 days mortality)
1. Achalasia	338	179	159	1 (0.6)	0	1 (0.6)	0	0	0	1 (0.3)		52	390
2. Benign tumor	111	73	38	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	43	18	172
(1) Leiomyoma	70	43	27	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	17	9	96
(2) Cyst	12	7	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	12
(3) Others	29	23	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	26	6	61
(4) Not specified	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3
3. Diverticulum	55	39	16	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		17	72
4. Hiatal hernia	739	423	316	2 (0.5)	2 (0.5)	4 (0.9)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	2 (0.6)	6 (0.8)		193	932
5. Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus	95	87	8	4 (4.6)	1 (1.1)	5 (5.7)	0	0	0	5 (5.3)		13	108
6. Esophagotracheal fistula	18	17	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		12	30
7. Congenital esophageal atresia	51	47	4	0	1 (2.1)	1 (2.1)	0	0	0	1 (2.0)		1	52
8. Congenital esophageal stenosis	10	9	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		4	14
9. Corrosive stricture of the esophagus	11	8	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		10	21
10. Esophagitis, esophageal ulcer	87	61	26	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		1199	1286
11. Esophageal varices	70	67	3	2 (3.0)	0	2 (3.0)	0	0	0	2 (2.9)		685	755
(1) Laparotomy	9	6	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0			9
(2) Sclerotherapy												201	201
(3) EVL												344	344
12. Others	75	62	13	5 (8.1)	0	5 (8.1)	0	0	0	5 (6.7)	14	35	124
Total	1660	1072	588	14 (1.3)	4 (0.4)	18 (1.7)	1 (0.2)	1 (0.2)	2 (0.3)	20 (1.2)	57	2239	3956

Values in parenthesis represent mortality %

T/L thoracoscopic and/or laparoscopic