Table 38 Malignant esophageal disease (surgical procedures)

	Operation (+)				Thoracoscopic and/or laparscopic procedure				EMR or ESD
	Cases	Hospital mortality			Cases	Hospital mortality
		~30 days	31–90 days	Total (including after 91 days mortality)		~30 days	31–90 days	Total (including after 91 days mortality)
Superficial cancer (T1)	1892	9 (0.5)	9 (0.5)	22 (1.2)	1134	3 (0.3)	7 (0.6)	14 (1.2)	1848
Mucosal cancer (T1a)	415	0	2 (0.5)	2 (0.5)	223	0	0	0	1514
Esophagectomy	1892	9 (0.5)	9 (0.5)	22 (1.2)	1134	3 (0.3)	7 (0.6)	14 (1.2)	1848
(1) Transhiatal esophagectomy	53	1 (1.9)	1 (1.9)	2 (3.8)	4	0	0	0
(2) Transthoracic (rt.) esophagectomy and reconstruction	1579	5 (0.3)	8 (0.5)	17 (1.1)	1037	2 (0.2)	7 (0.7)	13 (1.3)
(3) Transthoracic (lt.) esophagectomy and reconstruction	43	0	0	0	7	0	0	0
(4) Cervical esophageal resection and reconstruction	35	0	0	0	16	0	0	0
(5) Two-stage operation	27	0	0	0	13	0	0	0
(6) Others	155	3 (1.9)	0	3 (1.9)	57	1 (1.8)	0	1 (1.8)
(7) Not specified	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Advanced cancer (T2–T4)
Esophagectomy	4344	37 (0.9)	37 (0.9)	105 (2.4)	1666	11 (0.7)	11 (0.7)	32 (1.9)	2
(1) Transhiatal esophagectomy	68	0	1 (1.5)	1 (1.5)	7	0	0	0
(2) Transthoracic (rt.) esophagectomy and reconstruction	3661	31 (0.8)	26 (0.7)	78 (2.1)	1522	9 (0.6)	10 (0.7)	27 (1.8)
(3) Transthoracic (lt.) esophagectomy and reconstruction	137	1 (0.7)	2 (1.5)	3 (2.2)	14	0	0	0
(4) Cervical esophageal resection and reconstruction	171	1 (0.6)	2 (1.2)	8 (4.7)	35	1 (2.9)	0	2 (5.7)
(5) Two-stage operation	84	1 (1.2)	1 (1.2)	4 (4.8)	25	0	0	0
(6) Others/not specified	223	3 (1.3)	5 (2.2)	11 (4.9)	63	1 (1.6)	1 (1.6)	3 (4.8)
(7) Not specified	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
(Depth not specified)	11	1 (9.1)	0	1 (9.1)	0	0	0	0	1
Combined resection of other organs	330	6 (1.8)	4 (1.2)	13 (3.9)
(1) Aorta	2	0	0	0
(2) Trachea, bronchus	24	0	0	1 (4.2)
(3) Lung	77	3 (3.9)	2 (2.6)	6 (7.8)
(4) Others	227	3 (1.3)	2 (0.9)	6 (2.6)
Unknown	0	0	0	0
Salvage surgery	262	4 (1.5)	4 (1.5)	10 (3.8)	55	0	2 (3.6)	2 (3.6)	26

Values in parenthesis represent mortality %