Table 1.

Preclinical and experimental studies on PPAR agonists in neuroblastoma.

Drug/s	Reference/s	Year	Target	Study types	Cell lines/animal model	Effects
15-deoxy-PGJ2	[11–16]	2001, 2003, 2004	PPAR-γ	In vitro	NB cell lines and primary cultures of cortical neurons	Inhibition of growth and apoptosis induction, through PPAR-γ-dependent and PPAR-γ-independent effects.
GW1929	[11]	2001	PPAR-γ	In vitro	LA-N-5	Prodifferentiating effect and inhibition of proliferation.
Rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-PGJ2	[12]	2004	PPAR-γ	In vitro	SH-SY5Y, SH-EP1, SK-N-AS, SK-N-FI, LA-N-5, SMS-KCNR, SK-N-DZ, and LA-N-1	Inhibition of cell growth with different sensitivity related to the cell phenotype.
Ciglitazone and 15-deoxy-PGJ2	[13]	2004	PPAR-γ	In vitro	SK-N-AS, IMR-32, SK-N-SH, and ND-7	Overexpression of Rb protein and inhibition of PPAR-γ activity, reducing NB cell growth.
Ciglitazone, pioglitazone, troglitazone, and rosiglitazone	[17]	2005	PPAR-γ	In vitro	Kelly, LA-N-1, LA-N-5, LS, IMR-32, SK-N-SH, and SH-SY5Y	Inhibition of cell proliferation and viability in a dose-dependent manner.
Rosiglitazone	[18]	2010	PPAR-γ	In vivo	SK-N-SH xenograft NB mouse model	Inhibition of tumor growth.
Troglitazone	[19]	2002	PPAR-γ	In vitro	NB-1 cell line	Increase of PPAR-γ-dependent apoptosis.
Troglitazone	[20]	2006	PPAR-γ	In vitro	SHEP NB cell line	Increase of PPAR-γ-dependent apoptosis.
Rosiglitazone	[21, 22]	2006, 2007	PPAR-γ	In vitro	SH-SY5Y cell line	Antiapoptotic effects of rosiglitazone which protected NB cells subjected to MPP+-induced mitochondrial injury reducing ROS production.
Rosiglitazone	[23]	2006	PPAR-γ	In vitro	SK-N-AS and SH-SY5Y cell lines	Inhibition of cell adhesion, invasiveness, and proapoptotic effects.
Rosiglitazone	[24]	2010	PPAR-γ	In vivo	SK-N-AS xenograft NB mouse model	Significant decrease of tumor growth (−70%) as compared to control mice.
Rosiglitazone	[25]	2008	PPAR-γ	In vitro	Rat primary cortical neurons	Induction of cell differentiation, increasing dendritic spine density.
Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone	[26]	2011	PPAR-γ	Both in vitro and in vivo	Adult male Wistar rats	Induction of proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo.
Pioglitazone	[27]	2009	PPAR-γ	In vitro	SH-SY5Y cell line	Induction of differentiation and neurite outgrowth, promoting differentiation and outgrowth of cell processes.
Rosiglitazone	[28]	2014	PPAR-γ	In vitro	Mouse NB Neuro 2a (N2A) cell line	Stimulation of neurite outgrowth and significant increase of the population of neurite-bearing cells, via PPAR-γ pathway.
Oleic acid or GW0742	[29]	2007	PPAR-β/δ	In vitro	SH-NH-5YSY cell line	Induction of G1 cell cycle arrest, reduction of cell migration and invasiveness, and an increase of neuronal differentiation.