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. 2016 Mar 17;211(1):240–254. doi: 10.1111/nph.13931

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Subcuticular hyphae and cell wall changes of endophytic hyphae of the Epichloë festucae ∆noxAB mutant in Lolium perenne. (a) Endophytic hypha (en) not forming an expressorium on first contact with the cuticle (#) and forming hyphae of increased diameter in subsequent compartments while remaining below the cuticle (green pseudocolour). (b) Branched and swollen subcuticular hypha with septa captured in blue pseudocolour (WGA‐AF488 fluorescence). (c) Proliferation of subcuticular hyphae in a single epidermal cell. (d) Unusual branched and swollen pattern of a subcuticular hypha. WGA‐AF488 fluorescence indicative of chitin is shown in blue pseudocolour. (e) Subcuticular hypha with increased hyphal diameter in each new compartment. Also shown is a stoma (in green pseudocolour) and epiphyllous hyphae (cells entirely blue). (f, g) Higher magnifications of (e) showing uppermost layer of thickest hyphal compartment. (f) WGA‐AF488 fluorescence indicating the presence of chitin, and (g) ripped cuticle marked by white arrowheads. Maximum intensity projection z‐stacks of confocal laser scanning microscopy images of aniline blue/WGA‐AF488 costained leaf blade sample. Bars, 10 μm.