Figure 11.

Cell wall changes in endophytic hyphae of Epichloë festucae ∆noxR mutant in Lolium perenne. (a–c) Abundance of WGA‐AF488 fluorescence, indicative of chitin in swollen compartments (diameter up to 8 μm) of endophytic hyphae (asterisk); the black arrowhead points to an aniline blue‐stained cell wall layer. (d) An intrahyphal hypha (WGA‐AF488 fluorescence captured in blue pseudocolour) growing inside a heavily degraded endophytic hypha (stained with aniline blue, fluorescence captured in orange pseudocolour) and exiting from degraded hypha (#). (e) Abundance of WGA‐AF488 fluorescence in two hyphae below stoma surrounded by an aniline blue‐stained cell wall layer (black arrowheads). (f, h) Higher magnifications of (g) showing highly differentiated leaf blade tissue with large intercellular spaces. (f) WGA‐AF488 fluorescence at tips of endophytic hyphae below open stoma. (h) Side view of hypha penetrating between epidermal cells and exiting the plant (epiphyllous hypha; ep); the white arrowhead marks plant wound response where the hypha enters the area of middle lamella between epidermal cells. Maximum intensity projection z‐stacks of confocal laser scanning microscopy images of aniline blue/WGA‐AF488 costained leaf blade sample. Bars, 10 μm.