Table I.
Clinical Characteristics of the HPC Patients and SPC Patients
| HPC patients (N = 321) | SPC patients (N = 1664) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | Difference | |
| Age at diagnosis a | P < 0.01 b | ||||
| 40–45 | 1 | 0.3 | 3 | 0.2 | |
| 45–50 | 9 | 3.1 | 15 | 0.9 | |
| 50–55 | 30 | 9.3 | 70 | 4.2 | |
| 55–60 | 69 | 21.5 | 245 | 14.7 | |
| 60–65 | 88 | 27.4 | 336 | 20.2 | |
| 65–70 | 66 | 20.6 | 471 | 28.3 | |
| 70–75 | 58 | 18.1 | 524 | 31.5 | |
| Period of diagnosis | – | ||||
| 2000–2002 | 86 | 26.8 | – | ||
| 2003–2005 | 132 | 41.1 | 1,524 | 91.6 | |
| 2006–2008 | 79 | 24.6 | 140 | 8.4 | |
| 2009–2011 | 24 | 7.5 | – | – | |
| Mean age at diagnosis in years a | 62.8 | 65.6 | Mean difference 2.7 years (95%CI 1.8–3.7 years) c | ||
| Method of diagnosis | P < 0.01 b | ||||
| Needle biopsy | 297 | 92.5 | 1,503 | 90.4 | |
| TURP | 8 | 2.5 | 111 | 6.7 | |
| (Cysto) prostatectomy | 1 | 0.3 | 23 | 1.4 | |
| Unknown/other | 15 | 4.7 | 27 | 1.6 | |
| Serum PSA at diagnosis (ng/ml) | P = 0.02 b | ||||
| <4 | 48 | 14.9 | 170 | 10.2 | |
| 4–10 | 134 | 41.7 | 653 | 39.2 | |
| 10–20 | 62 | 19.3 | 342 | 20.6 | |
| >20 | 59 | 18.4 | 475 | 28.5 | |
| Unknown | 18 | 5.6 | 24 | 1.4 | |
| cTNM‐stage | |||||
| cT1 | 120 | 37.4 | 622 | 37.4 | P = 0.02 b |
| cT2 | 138 | 43.0 | 601 | 36.1 | |
| cT3 | 34 | 10.6 | 333 | 20.0 | |
| cT4 | 7 | 2.2 | 52 | 3.1 | |
| cT0/Tx | 22 | 6.9 | 56 | 3.4 | |
| cN0/Nx | 305 | 95.0 | 1,526 | 91.7 | P < 0.01 b |
| cN+ | 16 | 5.0 | 138 | 8.3 | |
| cM0/Mx | 301 | 93.8 | 1,513 | 90.9 | P = 0.09 b |
| cM1 | 20 | 6.2 | 151 | 9.1 | |
| Gleason score biopsy | P = 0.30 b | ||||
| 2–6 | 187 | 58.3 | 979 | 58.8 | |
| 7 | 42 | 13.1 | 325 | 19.5 | |
| 8–10 | 24 | 7.5 | 222 | 13.3 | |
| Gleason score unknown: | 68 | 21.2 | 138 | 8.3 | |
| (WHO grade 1) | 22 | 6.9 | 51 | 3.1 | |
| (WHO grade 2) | 16 | 5.0 | 21 | 1.3 | |
| (WHO grade 3/4) | 4 | 1.2 | 5 | 0.3 | |
| (WHO grade unknown) | 26 | 8.1 | 61 | 3.7 | |
| NICE‐risk stratification d | P < 0.01 b | ||||
| Low‐risk PC | 109 | 34.0 | 349 | 21.0 | |
| Intermediate risk PC | 90 | 28.0 | 462 | 27.8 | |
| High‐risk PC | 122 | 38.0 | 853 | 51.3 | |
95%CI, 95% confidence interval; HPC, hereditary prostate cancer; PC, prostate cancer; PSA, prostate‐specific antigen; SPC, sporadic prostate cancer; TURP, trans‐urethral resection of the prostate.
The maximum age for inclusion in this study was set at 75 years of age, according to the Polygene study.
χ2 test using generalized estimating equations to test for differences between categorical variables.
Mixed model using generalized estimating equations used to test for differences between normally distributed continuous variables.
PC risk stratification based on the 2014 NICE‐guidelines. High‐risk PC = all PC with lymph node or distant metastasis and localized PC with any or more of the following characteristics: cT ≥ T2c, PSA > 20 or biopsy Gleason score ≥ 8; intermediate risk PC = localized PC without any of the high‐risk features and with cT = T2b, PSA 10–20 ng/ml or biopsy Gleason score = 7; low‐risk PC = localized PC without any high‐risk or intermediate‐risk features, that is, cT1‐T2a, PSA < 10 ng/ml and biopsy Gleason score ≤ 6. If the Gleason score of the biopsy was not reported/unknown, a WHO grade ≥ 3 was considered as a criterion for high‐risk PC, WHO grade 2 was considered a criterion for intermediate‐risk PC and WHO grade 1 as considered a criterion for low‐risk PC, if available.