Table 4.

Multivariable Analysis of IL-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Change and Lifetime Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence

	IL-6		TNF-α
Effect	Coefficient	p	Coefficient	p
Intercept	0.14	0.61	−0.72	0.34
Time effect
32 weeks of gestation–18 weeks of gestation	0.21	0.04	0.43	0.12
32 weeks of gestation–6 weeks postpartum	−0.03	0.80	1.54	<0.01
6 months postpartum–6 weeks postpartuma	—	—	—	—
Lifetime exposure to IPV
Yes	−0.36	0.04	−0.13	0.79
Noa	—	—	—	—
Timea lifetime exposure to IPV
32 weeks of gestation–18 weeks of gestation, IPV history	0.27	0.20	0.01	0.98
6 weeks postpartum–32 weeks of gestation, IPV history	0.48	0.04	0.24	0.70
BMI at 18 weeks of gestation	0.01	0.21	0.01	0.37
Age at first interview	0.01	0.75	0.02	0.43
Primiparous	−0.09	0.25	−0.25	0.23
Married or cohabiting with partner	−0.09	0.23	−0.20	0.38
Race
Black	−0.18	0.07	0.05	0.86
Other	−0.09	0.39	0.03	0.93
Whiteb	—	—	—	—
Any smoking reported in pregnancy	−0.01	0.88	0.03	0.91
Any alcohol use reported in pregnancy	−0.12	0.68	−0.51	0.44
Depressive symptoms at 32 weeks of gestation	−0.03	0.73	0.12	0.61
History of trauma exposure	0.09	0.24	−0.02	0.92
Lifetime IPV history vs. no history of IPV
32 weeks of gestation–18 weeks of gestation	0.09	0.47	0.12	0.73
6 weeks postpartum–32 weeks of gestation	−0.12	0.44	−0.12	0.78
6 months postpartum–6 weeks postpartum	0.36	0.04	0.13	0.79

^aIL-6 and TNF-α were log transformed.

^bReference groups.