Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population according to diabetic status
| Diabetic status | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes population | Non-diabetes population | ||
| Age | 53.92 ± 6.74 | 52.06 ± 7.26 | 0.00 |
| Sex (% female) | 29.6 | 44.7 | 0.00 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.06 ± 3.06 | 24.52 ± 3.21 | 0.00 |
| Educational level (% with or above high school background) | 49.0 | 48.4 | 0.85 |
| Activity level (h/day) | 1.91 ± 3.22 | 1.90 ± 3.19 | 0.82 |
| Hypertension (%) | 55.8 | 30.5 | 0.00 |
| Alcohol using (%) | 39.1 | 37.2 | 0.52 |
| Smoking (%) | 33.3 | 24.5 | 0.00 |
| Nutritional supplementation (%) | 29.3 | 33.9 | 0.11 |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1748.72 ± 952.40 | 1609.35 ± 715.23 | 0.04 |
| Fiber intake (g/day) | 19.81 ± 20.78 | 18.16 ± 12.66 | 0.48 |
| Mg intake (mg/day) | 410.43 ± 275.10 | 374.56 ± 197.48 | 0.05 |
| Ca intake(mg/day) | 560.81 ± 551.12 | 494.42 ± 292.43 | 0.18 |
| Zn intake (mg/day) | 20.96 ± 8.26 | 19.71 ± 6.40 | 0.02 |
| Fe intake (mg/day) | 33.60 ± 29.27 | 30.54 ± 16.29 | 0.07 |
| Serum Mg (mmol/L) | 0.89 ± 0.08 | 0.92 ± 0.07 | 0.00 |
| Serum TG (mmol/L) | 2.79 ± 2.50 | 1.88 ± 17.71 | 0.00 |
| Serum LDL (mmol/L) | 2.89 ± 1.00 | 2.95 ± 0.93 | 0.49 |
| Serum HDL (mmol/L) | 1.34 ± 0.34 | 1.54 ± 0.38 | 0.00 |
Data are mean ± standard deviation, unless otherwise indicated. P values are for the test of difference between the diabetes population and non-diabetes population
BMI body mass index, Mg magnesium, Ca calcium, Zn zinc, Fe iron, TG triglyceride, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol