Table 2.
Results from regressing ln (relative forelimb length) on maximum-, median latitude, and temperature
| Family | Predictor | n | Phylogentic half-life | Stationary variance | r 2 | Optimal regression slope | AICc | AICc-θAICc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| − | ∞ | 168.10 | − | − | 38.64 | − | ||
| Emballonuridae | median latitude | 34 | ∞ | 160.10 | 0.004 | 9.693 | 41.09 | 2.45 |
| max latitude | ∞ | 160.10 | 0.025 | −18.349 | 40.36 | 1.71 | ||
| temperature | ∞ | 160.10 | 0.015 | −88.544 | 40.70 | 2.05 | ||
| Median latitude - temperature regression: P-value = 0.0257; Adjusted R-squared = 0.1194; estimate = −1.9120 | ||||||||
| − | 0.01 | 0.25 | − | − | 66.48 | − | ||
| Molossidae | median latitude | 40 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.020 | 0.008 | 68.13 | 1.65 |
| max latitude | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.082 | 0.014 | 65.52 | −0.96 | ||
| temperature | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.048 | −0.039 | 66.95 | 0.47 | ||
| Median latitude - temperature regression: P-value = 1.31e–08; Adjusted R-squared = 0.5661; estimate = −2.5311 | ||||||||
| − | 0.73 | 0.43 | − | − | 141.60 | − | ||
| Phyllostomidae | median latitude | 97 | 0.66 | 0.40 | 0.015 | 0.021 | 142.31 | 0.71 |
| max latitude | 0.86 | 0.45 | 0.031 | 0.033 | 140.81 | −0.79 | ||
| temperature | 0.66 | 0.40 | 0.001 | −0.017 | 143.72 | 2.12 | ||
| Median latitude - temperature regression: P-value = 3.73e–08; Adjusted R-squared = 0.2665; estimate = −2.1620 | ||||||||
| − | 0.13 | 0.50 | − | − | 93.80 | − | ||
| Pteropodidae | median latitude | 52 | 0.13 | 0.45 | 0.068 | −0.012 | 95.95 | 2.15 |
| max latitude | 0.15 | 0.40 | 0.163 | −0.025 | 90.80 | −3.00 | ||
| temperature | 0.13 | 0.45 | 0.074 | 0.100 | 95.72 | 1.92 | ||
| Median latitude - temperature regression: P-value = 3.04e–05; Adjusted R-squared = 0.2821; estimate = −2.4749 | ||||||||
| − | 0.10 | 0.22 | − | − | 105.53 | − | ||
| Vespertilionidae | median latitude | 88 | 0.06 | 0.18 | 0.100 | −0.004 | 105.80 | 0.27 |
| max latitude | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.070 | 0.001 | 106.63 | 1.11 | ||
| temperature | 0.06 | 0.18 | 10.11 | 0.010 | 105.69 | 0.17 | ||
| Median latitude - temperature regression: P-value = <2e–16; Adjusted R-squared = 0.8224; estimate = −1.9978 | ||||||||
Phylogenetic half-life estimates indicate the level of phylogenetic dependency in models where no predictors were included. In models with predictors, half-life gives the time (in lengths of the phylogeny) necessary to lose half the influence of the ancestral trait, i.e. rate of adaptation. All phylogenies are scaled to a total length of 1. Stationary variance gives the residual variance when the model has reaches a stochastic equilibrium, and r 2 gives the amount of variance explained by the optimal regression model. Optimal regression slope is the slope for which SLOUCH has removed the effect of phylogenetic inertia (slope expected under instant adaptation). AICc values are compared to the intercept-only model (AICc-θAICc) where larger negative values indicate the most improvement from the model without predictors. Also included are results from regressing median latitude on temperature for each family