Table 2. The physical parameters of the Ni–Sn system used in the calculation (TMK model) [22, 31, 32].

Parameter	Symbol	Unit	Value
The eutectic temperature	TE	K	1412
The length of eutectic line	C0	at.	0.124
The eutectic composition	Ce	at.	0.187
The volume fraction of α-Ni phase	f		0.32
Gibbs–Thompson coefficient of α-Ni	Γα	Km	2.9 × 10−7
Gibbs–Thompson coefficient of Ni3Sn	Γβ	Km	2.1 × 10−7
Capillary constant of α-Ni	aL (α)	J m−2	2.6×10−7
Capillary constant of Ni3Sn	aL (β)	J m−2	1.1 × 10−7
The liquid slope of α-Ni	mα	K/at.	−2100
The liquid slope of Ni3Sn	mβ	K/at.	3700
Equilibrium distribution coefficient of α-Ni	kα		0.57
Equilibrium distribution coefficient of Ni3Sn	kβ		0.32
Equilibrium diffusion coefficient in liquid	D0	m2 s−1	2.8 × 10−8
Gas constant	R	J (K mol)−1	8.314
Activation energy	Q	J mol−1	21 197