Table 3.
Odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for the associations between total, n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and incident end-stage renal disease in a case–control study nested within the Southern Community Cohort Study
| Fatty acid | Quintilesa | P for trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (Lowest) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 (Highest) | ||
| Total PUFA | ||||||
| ESRD cases | 208 | 207 | 233 | 212 | 214 | |
| Median, % energy | 5.8 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 8.8 | 10.2 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.80–1.25) | 1.18 (0.95–1.47) | 1.04 (0.83–1.30) | 1.04 (0.84–1.31) | 0.63 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.73–1.20) | 0.99 (0.77–1.27) | 0.80 (0.62–1.04) | 0.76 (0.59–0.99) | 0.02 |
| Model 3b | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.73–1.21) | 1.01 (0.78–1.32) | 0.85 (0.65–1.12) | 0.79 (0.60–1.05) | 0.06 |
| n-6 PUFA | ||||||
| ESRD cases | 205 | 217 | 235 | 206 | 211 | |
| Median, % energy | 5.62 | 6.89 | 7.70 | 8.52 | 9.79 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.87–1.35) | 1.22 (0.98–1.52) | 1.02 (0.82–1.28) | 1.04 (0.84–1.31) | 0.88 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.80–1.31) | 1.02 (0.79–1.31) | 0.80 (0.62–1.04) | 0.78 (0.60–1.01) | 0.01 |
| Model 3b | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.80–1.32) | 1.03 (0.80–1.34) | 0.85 (0.64–1.11) | 0.81 (0.61–1.06) | 0.04 |
| n-3 PUFA | ||||||
| ESRD cases | 223 | 204 | 207 | 208 | 232 | |
| Median, % energy | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.15 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.72–1.11) | 0.91 (0.73–1.13) | 0.91 (0.73–1.14) | 1.06 (0.85–1.32) | 0.66 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.71–1.14) | 0.85 (0.67–1.08) | 0.86 (0.67–1.10) | 0.92 (0.71–1.19) | 0.38 |
| Model 3b | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.70–1.14) | 0.85 (0.67–1.09) | 0.86 (0.67–1.11) | 0.93 (0.71–1.21) | 0.45 |
Abbreviations: ESRD End-stage renal disease, PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acids
aValues are odds ratios and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals from models in which total, n-6 and n-3 PUFA were modeled separately. Model 1 included matching variables (age, sex and race), total energy intake and quintiles of energy from total PUFA or n-3 PUFA or n-6 PUFA. Model 2 additionally adjusted for diabetes and percent energy from protein intake. Model 3 additionally adjusted for body mass index, hypertension, education level, household income, smoking status and percent energy from saturated fat intake
bIn a sensitivity analysis among 1,574 participants with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/day (180 cases and 1394 controls), further adjusting for eGFR did not change the results appreciably. For example, in analyses adjusting for eGFR and covariates in model 3 and using the lowest quintile as the referent, the ORs (95 % CIs) for ESRD in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th quintile of total PUFA were 0.90 (0.485, 1.69), 1.32 (0.71, 2.46), 1.44 (0.75, 2.75) and 0.90 (0.47, 1.74), respectively. The corresponding OR (95 % CIs) for n-6 PUFA were 0.79 (0.42, 1.47), 1.26 (0.68, 2.30), 1.11 (0.58, 2.14) and 0.82 (0.43, 1.57) while they were 0.93 (0.53, 1.61), 0.55 (0.30, 1.02), 0.72 (0.40, 1.31) and 1.02 (0.56, 1.86) for n-3 PUFA