Table 5.
Consultation payments for chronic disease care in Lebanon by facility type utilized (US dollars)a
| All NCDs | Hypertension | Cardiovascular disease | Diabetes | Chronic resp. disease | Arthritis | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Refugees n = 895 Host Com. n = 701) | (Refugees n = 228 Host Com. n = 232) | (Refugees n = 123 Host Com. n = 134) | (Refugees n = 120 Host Com. n = 140) | (Refugees n = 196 Host Com. n = 77) | (Refugees n = 228 Host Com. n = 118) | |||||||||
| Point | (95 % CI) | Point | (95 % CI) | Point | (95 % CI) | Point | (95 % CI) | Point | (95 % CI) | Point | (95 % CI) | p-value | ||
| Primary health care center | ||||||||||||||
| Syrian refugees | Median | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | |||||||
| Mean | 8.1 | (6.4–9.8) | 7 | (3.3–11.4) | 9.1 | (4.5–13.6) | 10.6 | (5.3–16.0) | 6.8 | (4.2–9.4) | 8.3 | (5.5–11.0) | 0.976 | |
| % paying for provider visitb | 79.0 | (72.5–84.3) | 74 | (63.7–82.0) | 84.1 | (69.9–92.3) | 79 | (66.4–87.8) | 82.2 | (73.0–88.8) | 78.9 | (68.7–86.4) | 0.341 | |
| Host community | Median | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 8.0 | 14.9 | 13.3 | |||||||
| Mean | 17.1 | (12.3–21.9) | 18.8 | (10.1–27.5) | 9.5 | (4.5–14.6) | 12.7 | (6.2–19.2) | 31.0 | (8.7–53.2) | 14.4 | (8.4–20.4) | 0.930 | |
| % paying for provider visitb | 82.5 | (69.2–90.8) | 86.8 | (71.7–94.5) | 75.0 | (37.0–93.9) | 77.3 | (55.2–90.4) | 90.0 | (57.8–98.3) | 78.9 | (55.0–92.0) | 0.309 | |
| p-value (payment amount) | <0.001 | 0.012 | 0.889 | 0.622 | 0.037 | 0.067 | ||||||||
| p-value (proportion paying) | 0.777 | 0.078 | 0.581 | 0.868 | 0.467 | 0.391 | ||||||||
| Private clinic (Cabinet) | ||||||||||||||
| Syrian refugees | Median | 26.5 | 23.2 | 29.9 | 19.9 | 26.5 | 29.5 | |||||||
| Mean | 27.6 | (23.7–31.5) | 28.5 | (17.5–39.4) | 32.8 | (16.4–49.1) | 24.2 | (16.3–32.1) | 25.6 | (19.5–31.6) | 27.9 | (22.0–33.7) | 0.742 | |
| % paying for provider visitb | 86.4 | (79.7–91.1) | 85.7 | (71.8–93.4) | 76.5 | (51.0–91.0) | 90.5 | (69.5–97.5) | 86.2 | (67.5–95.0) | 89.5 | (75.0–96.0) | 0.462 | |
| Host community | Median | 33.2 | 33.2 | 33.2 | 33.2 | 33.2 | 33.2 | |||||||
| Mean | 39.6 | (35.0–44.1) | 32.3 | (28.0–36.7) | 40.2 | (32.6–47.7) | 41.8 | (35.7–47.8) | 43.2 | (33.6–52.8) | 49.3 | (31.2–67.3) | 0.056 | |
| % paying for provider visitb | 89.7 | (85.3–92.9) | 82.8 | (74.6–88.7) | 85.1 | (75.0–91.6) | 94.7 | (86.6–98.0) | 97.9 | (86.6–99.7) | 97.8 | (86.1–99.7) | 0.003 | |
| p-value (payment amount) | <0.001 | 0.506 | 0.436 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.029 | ||||||||
| p-value (proportion paying) | 0.991 | 0.144 | 0.425 | 0.538 | 0.097 | 0.127 | ||||||||
| Hospital | ||||||||||||||
| Syrian refugees | Median | 19.9 | 19.9 | 33.2 | 0 | 28.2 | 0 | |||||||
| Mean | 57.8 | (37.0–78.5) | 48.8 | (11.0–86.6) | 97.5 | (52.1–142.9) | 2.2 | (−1.4–5.8) | 29.9 | (15.3–44.5) | 25.9 | (−1.3–53.2) | 0.024 | |
| % paying for provider visitb | 63.1 | (50.3–74.2) | 62.5 | (38.9–81.4) | 70.8 | (50.3–85.3) | 50.0 | (12.0–88.0) | 64.3 | (36.2–85.1) | 42.9 | (14.0–77.5) | 0.387 | |
| Host community | Median | 33.2 | 33.2 | 66.3 | 24.9 | 99.5 | 19.9 | |||||||
| Mean | 92.5 | (58.2–126.7) | 42.3 | (22.0–62.7) | 201.0 | (91.7–310.4) | 30.0 | (15.8–44.3) | 118.5 | (54.9–182.1) | 73.8 | (0.8–146.8) | 0.923 | |
| % paying for provider visitb | 77.3 | (66.3–85.5) | 64.5 | (45.6–79.8) | 84.0 | (66.6–93.3) | 80.0 | (56.4–92.5) | 100 | 75.0 | (44.2–91.9) | 0.107 | ||
| p-value (payment amount) | 0.105 | 0.764 | 0.116 | <0.001 | 0.015 | 0.250 | ||||||||
| p-value (proportion paying) | 0.436 | 0.897 | 0.716 | 0.267 | 0.016 | 0.181 | ||||||||
a Bold italic indicates statistically significant (p < 0.50) findings
b As a percent of those seeking care in Lebanon in this facility type for condition