Table 1.
Maternal, delivery and infant characteristicsa
| Infants with PSBI | Infants without PSBI | All infants | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,123 | % | 35,256 | % | 37,379 | % | |
| Year | ||||||
| 2010 | 680 | 32 % | 8,867 | 25 % | 9,547 | 26 % |
| 2011 | 546 | 26 % | 8,622 | 24 % | 9,168 | 25 % |
| 2012 | 450 | 21 % | 8,684 | 25 % | 9,134 | 24 % |
| 2013 | 447 | 21 % | 9,083 | 26 % | 9,530 | 25 % |
| Maternal age | ||||||
| <20 | 60 | 3 % | 668 | 2 % | 728 | 2 % |
| ≥20 | 2,060 | 97 % | 34,632 | 98 % | 36,692 | 98 % |
| Maternal education | ||||||
| Primary or less | 414 | 20 % | 7,153 | 20 % | 7,567 | 20 % |
| Secondary or more | 1,707 | 80 % | 28,049 | 80 % | 29,756 | 80 % |
| Parity | ||||||
| 0 | 1,118 | 53 % | 16,817 | 48 % | 17,935 | 48 % |
| 1–2 | 935 | 44 % | 17,520 | 50 % | 18,455 | 49 % |
| >2 | 68 | 3 % | 903 | 3 % | 971 | 3 % |
| Maternal anemia | ||||||
| No anemia (Hgb ≥11) | 191 | 9 % | 3,072 | 9 % | 3,263 | 9 % |
| Mild anemia (Hgb 10- < 11) | 877 | 41 % | 14,786 | 42 % | 15,663 | 42 % |
| Moderate to severe anemia (Hgb <10) | 1,035 | 49 % | 16,837 | 48 % | 17,872 | 48 % |
| Trimester of first antenatal care visit | ||||||
| First | 1,304 | 61 % | 26,855 | 76 % | 28,159 | 75 % |
| Second or Third | 453 | 21 % | 5,814 | 16 % | 6,267 | 17 % |
| Received antenatal care, no information on timing | 364 | 17 % | 2,566 | 7 % | 2,930 | 8 % |
| No antenatal care | 2 | 0.1 % | 13 | 0.04 % | 15 | 0.04 % |
| Location of delivery | ||||||
| Referral government | 935 | 44 % | 15,688 | 44 % | 16,623 | 44 % |
| Referral private | 417 | 20 % | 7,961 | 23 % | 8,378 | 22 % |
| First level facility | 656 | 31 % | 10,276 | 29 % | 10,932 | 29 % |
| Home/Other | 110 | 5 % | 1,304 | 4 % | 1,414 | 4 % |
| Mode of delivery | ||||||
| Vaginal | 1,686 | 79 % | 28,265 | 80 % | 29,951 | 80 % |
| C-sectionb | 437 | 21 % | 6,991 | 20 % | 7,428 | 20 % |
| Prolonged or obstructed labor or failure to progress | ||||||
| Yes | 308 | 15 % | 4,406 | 12 % | 4,714 | 13 % |
| No | 1,812 | 85 % | 30,803 | 87 % | 32,615 | 87 % |
| Antenatal corticosteroids | ||||||
| Yes | 119 | 6 % | 779 | 2 % | 898 | 2 % |
| No | 1,986 | 94 % | 34,410 | 98 % | 36,396 | 97 % |
| Birth Weight | ||||||
| Normal birth weight (≥ 2500 gm) | 1,325 | 62 % | 31,009 | 88 % | 32,334 | 87 % |
| Low birth weight (1500- < 2500 gm) | 798 | 38 % | 4,247 | 12 % | 5,045 | 13 % |
| Initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour after delivery | ||||||
| Yes | 1,470 | 69 % | 30,767 | 87 % | 32,237 | 86 % |
| No | 634 | 30 % | 4,346 | 12 % | 4,980 | 13 % |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 1192 | 56 % | 18,301 | 52 % | 19,493 | 52 % |
| Female | 931 | 44 % | 16,950 | 48 % | 17,881 | 48 % |
aAll variables had less than 2 % missing data
bThe most common primary indications for C-section delivery were: prolonged labor/failure to progress (47 %), previous C-section (16 %), transverse/breech delivery (12 %), no clear indication (8 %), fetal distress (8 %) and severe pre-eclampsia (3 %)