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FT verified using simulation. (a) Schematic of a charged colloidal particle driven by an electric field. (b) Heat, Q, generated during Δt. (c) A sample time course, X(t), obtained by the simulation. (d) (top) Probability distribution, P(σ), of the entropy production, σ, in the cases Δt=0.02 ms (red) and Δt=0.04 ms (blue). (bottom) ln[P(σ)/P(−σ)] is plotted as a function of σ in the cases Δt=0.02 ms (red) and Δt=0.04 ms (blue). It is seen that ln[P(σ)/P(−σ)]=σ.
