The effects of human mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation on the mRNA expressions of Col I (A), α-smooth muscle actin (B), transforming growth factor-β (C), and hepatocyte growth factor (D) in the livers of thioacetamide-injured mice. The relative mRNA levels were measured by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as endogenous control. One-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test, was used to analyze the data; statistical significance was identified by adjusted p value; p < .05 was considered statistically different. ♦♦♦♦, ∗∗∗∗, ####, and △△△△, p < .0001; ♦♦♦ and ∗∗∗, p < .001; ♦♦, p < .01; ♦, ∗, #, and △, p < .05. Abbreviations: α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; Adipose, transplantation with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells; CD34+, transplantation with CD34+ amnion membrane-derived stem/progenitor cells; CD34−, transplantation with CD34− amnion membrane-derived stromal fibroblast cell; Control, nontransplantation; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β.