Figure 7:

Flow diagram of how physiological information can inform management and/or policy decisions (continuous lines) for marine fishes, and how analysis of the information can be fed back to develop targeted research activities (dotted lines). Red dotted arrows show flow of policy decisions (in the European Union). Biomarker information can be used directly for local management (in particular, early warning and evaluation of ecological status). Physiological information can also influence national and international management/policy indirectly, by interactions with ecologists; for example, biomarkers of bycatch survival to inform fishery biologists, or physiological databases for use in modelling of population dynamics or effects of global change. The number of dotted lines feeding back to physiology reveal the many contributions that physiological research could make to adaptive management programmes, including large-scale and long-term research in response to, for example, EU or Intergovenmental Panel on Climate Change recommendations.