Table 1.
Multivariable Regression Analyses for Prostate Cancer
| Characteristic | GCE Regression, ω+ Ratio* (95% CI) | PCM Cox Regression, HR (95% CI) | ACM Cox Regression, HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis, per year | 0.97 (0.94 to 1.00) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.06) | 1.06 (1.05 to 1.07) |
| Married | |||
| Yes | 1.36 (0.99 to 1.88) | 1.10 (0.81 to 1.49) | 0.85 (0.77 to 0.93) |
| Registry region | |||
| West | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| East | 0.74 (0.50 to 1.09) | 0.79 (0.55 to 1.14) | 1.03 (0.92 to 1.16) |
| Midwest | 0.88 (0.57 to 1.36) | 1.06 (0.71 to 1.59) | 1.17 (1.02 to 1.35) |
| South | 0.77 (0.55 to 1.10) | 1.22 (0.88 to 1.70) | 1.48 (1.33 to 1.66) |
| Stage | |||
| T1 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| T2 | 1.55 (1.16 to 2.07) | 1.71 (1.30 to 2.25) | 1.16 (1.06 to 1.27) |
| T3 | 2.38 (1.16 to 4.87) | 2.83 (1.54 to 5.22) | 1.39 (1.05 to 1.85) |
| Grade | |||
| Low/intermediate | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| High | 2.92 (2.02 to 4.22) | 3.67 (2.57 to 5.23) | 1.37 (1.25 to 1.50) |
| Radiation therapy | |||
| EBRT or BT alone | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| EBRT + BT | 1.15 (0.78 to 1.70) | 0.97 (0.69 to 1.37) | 0.85 (0.74 to 0.97) |
| CCI | |||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 | 0.53 (0.37 to 0.76) | 0.97 (0.69 to 1.37) | 1.64 (1.47 to 1.82) |
| 2 | 0.69 (0.43 to 1.11) | 1.61 (1.03 to 2.53) | 2.10 (1.81 to 2.42) |
| ≥ 3 | 0.35 (0.20 to 0.63) | 1.81 (1.02 to 3.19) | 3.95 (3.40 to 4.58) |
| PSA, per unit | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.01) | 1.01 (1.01 to 1.02) | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.01) |
Abbreviations: ACM, all-cause mortality; BT, brachytherapy; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; EBRT, external beam radiotherapy; GCE, generalized competing event; HR, hazard ratio; PCM, prostate cancer mortality; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; Ref, reference.
*
Estimate of the ω+ ratio for each covariate using the Fine-Gray model for subdistribution hazards. For further explanation of the GCE estimate, see Appendix.