Table 3.
Multivariable Regression Analyses for Breast Cancer Training Cohort
| Characteristic | GCE Regression, ω+ Ratio* (95% CI) | BCM Cox Regression, HR (95% CI) | ACM Cox Regression, HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis, per year | 0.94 (0.93 to 0.96) | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.04) | 1.06 (1.06 to 1.07) |
| Married | |||
| Yes | 0.97 (0.77 to 1.23) | 0.79 (0.65 to 0.96) | 0.81 (0.73 to 0.89) |
| Teaching hospital | |||
| Yes | 0.83 (0.67 to 1.02) | 1.30 (1.09 to 1.55) | 1.46 (1.34 to 1.59) |
| Registry region | |||
| West | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Midwest | 1.26 (0.92 to 1.72) | 1.01 (0.77 to 1.32) | 0.87 (0.76 to 1.00) |
| East | 1.10 (0.83 to 1.46) | 0.89 (0.70 to 1.13) | 0.80 (0.71 to 0.91) |
| South | 1.19 (0.93 to 1.52) | 1.35 (1.10 to 1.67) | 1.17 (1.05 to 1.30) |
| Household income | |||
| Below mean | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Above mean | 1.19 (0.97 to 1.46) | 1.05 (0.88 to 1.26) | 0.93 (0.85 to 1.02) |
| Stage, ref: localized | |||
| Regional | 1.82 (1.31 to 2.53) | 1.97 (1.55 to 2.52) | 1.43 (1.24 to 1.66) |
| Grade, ref: low/intermediate | |||
| High | 2.07 (1.64 to 2.62) | 1.95 (1.45 to 2.63) | 1.20 (1.09 to 1.33) |
| Tumor size | |||
| < 2 cm | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| ≥ 2 to < 5 cm | 1.83 (1.46 to 2.30) | 2.39 (1.97 to 2.89) | 1.50 (1.36 to 1.65) |
| ≥ 5 cm | 3.15 (2.06 to 4.80) | 4.86 (3.61 to 6.56) | 2.45 (2.04 to 2.95) |
| Unknown size | 2.20 (1.16 to 4.17) | 1.97 (1.16 to 3.35) | 1.10 (0.81 to 1.49) |
| ER status | |||
| Negative | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Positive | 0.62 (0.45 to 0.86) | 0.54 (0.41 to 0.70) | 0.71 (0.62 to 0.82) |
| Unknown | 7.19 (2.06 to 25.1) | 5.76 (0.23 to 145.4) | 0.97 (0.41 to 2.31) |
| PR status | |||
| Negative | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Positive | 0.77 (0.57 to 1.02) | 0.70 (0.54 to 0.89) | 0.84 (0.75 to 0.95) |
| Unknown | 0.10 (0.03 to 0.34) | 0.10 (0.01 to 2.50) | 0.71 (0.30 to 1.66) |
| Sentinel lymph node biopsy | |||
| Yes | 0.88 (0.69 to 1.12) | 0.74 (0.60 to 0.91) | 0.81 (0.73 to 0.90) |
| Lymph node examination | |||
| No | 1.33 (1.03 to 1.71) | 2.04 (1.66 to 2.50) | 1.57 (1.42 to 1.75) |
| Laterality | |||
| Left | 1.13 (0.93 to 1.37) | 1.15 (0.97 to 1.36) | 1.07 (0.98 to 1.16) |
| CCI | |||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 | 0.84 (0.66 to 1.05) | 1.44 (1.18 to 1.76) | 1.59 (1.44 to 1.76) |
| 2 | 0.51 (0.37 to 0.71) | 1.44 (1.08 to 1.91) | 2.28 (2.00 to 2.60) |
| ≥ 3 | 0.39 (0.27 to 0.56) | 1.95 (1.45 to 2.63) | 3.36 (2.94 to 3.84) |
| Radiation therapy | |||
| Yes | 0.97 (0.74 to 1.27) | 0.62 (0.49 to 0.79) | 0.65 (0.58 to 0.73) |
| Chemotherapy | |||
| Yes | 1.01 (0.63 to 1.62) | 1.11 (0.77 to 1.60) | 1.14 (0.91 to 1.43) |
Abbreviations: ACM, all-cause mortality; BCM, breast cancer mortality; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; ER, estrogen receptor; HR, hazard ratio; PR, progesterone receptor.
*
Estimate of the ω+ ratio for each covariate using the Fine-Gray model for subdistribution hazards. For further explanation of the GCE estimate, see Appendix.