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. 2016 Oct;34(4):181–186. doi: 10.2337/cd16-0002

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© 2016 by the American Diabetes Association.

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FIGURE 3. — CGL4 (PTRF mutation) has been associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Rajab et al. (16) characterized patients with fatal cardiac arrhythmias and long QT syndrome and reported patients with sudden death in the teenage years. The treatment of these patients is best evaluated by an electrophysiologist because of the complexity related to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia seen in CGL4 patients. CGL2 patients also are at increased risk, and avoidance of exercise might be considered, but this remains unclear. Napolitano and Priori (33) reported on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, which has been seen in lipodystrophy.