Figure 1.

Flowchart of the prospective study. One hundred febrile children presenting for care were tested for malaria using point-of-care rapid diagnostic tests. Nineteen tested positive (malaria cases) and 81 tested negative (non-malarial febrile illness (NFMI) controls). Community health workers conducted door-to-door follow-up of the households of all the participants, testing all household contacts, and found 5 new positive malaria cases among household contacts of malaria cases and 24 cases among contacts of NFMI controls (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.33 to 2.4, p = 1.0).