Figure 4.

AP1S3-deficient primary keratinocytes exhibit an abnormal immune profile, which can be recapitulated by autophagy inhibition. (a) After siRNA-mediated AP1S3 silencing, primary keratinocytes were stimulated with IL-1β, and gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. (b) Alternatively, cells were cultured for a further 48 hours in the absence of stimuli, and cytokine production was measured by ELISA. (c) Normal primary keratinocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of 3-MA and subsequently stimulated with IL-1β. Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. All data are representative of results obtained in two independent experiments and are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean of (a) duplicate or (b, c) triplicate measurements. ^∗P ≤ 0.05, ^∗∗P ≤ 0.01. 3-MA, 3-methyladenine; siRNA, small interfering RNA.